Evaluation of the level of physical activity, anxiety and depression symptoms in undergraduate students of the Physical Education course during social isolation

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i10.43335

Keywords:

Covid-19.; Exercise; Depression; Mood.

Abstract

The goal of this study, carried out through quantitative social research, was to evaluate the level of physical activity, anxiety and depression symptoms in undergraduate students of the Physical Education course at Universidade Federal de Goiás during the period of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, other factors pottentially associated with the outcomes analyzed were surveyed. Forty-one college students of both genders (23.9 ± 4.7 years old; 169.9 ± 9.7 cm; 71 ± 16.1 kg) participated in the study. Information on the level of physical activity (PA), state anxiety (SA), trait anxiety (TA), and depression symptoms (DS) were collected. Most of the college students were classified as active (36.6%) and very active (29.3%) (205.7 ± 331.27 MET daily; of 1440.0 ± 2318 MET weekly). Approximately, 53.7% and 56.1% of the subjects had high scores for SA and AT, respectively. Approximately 39% of subjects presented moderate or severe DS. Associations were identified between SA and DS (r= 0.84; p<0.001), AT and DS (r= 0.87; p<0.001), and between SA and TA (r=0.91; p<0.05). However, no associations were found between the level of physical activity and the other variables. Thus, although 65.9% of the sample was classified as active and very active, they still presented with high levels of SA, TA, and DS. It is possible that these findings are related to the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated measures of social isolation.

Author Biographies

Rafael Ribeiro Alves, Universidade Federal de Goiás

He has a degree in Physical Education from the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás; Bachelor's degree in Physical Education from Faculdade União de Goyazes- FUG; Lato Sensu Postgraduate Degree in Higher Education Teaching; Lato Sensu Postgraduate Degree in Bodybuilding, Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology; Master's degree in Nutrition and Health from the Federal University of Goiás; Studying for a PhD in Health Sciences at the Federal University of Goiás; Member of the human movement assessment laboratory - LAMOVH, Co-advisor of the Academic League of Exercise and Sports Medicine at UNIRV, conducting research in the context of physical exercise and health; He also works as a speaker with an emphasis on strength training variables, as well as prescribing training with an emphasis on hypertrophy, weight loss and high-performance sports.

João Batista Ferreira Júnior, Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais

He has a degree in Physical Education from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (2006), a master's degree in Sports Training (Exercise Physiology) from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (2009) and a PhD in Health Sciences from the University of Brasília (2014). He completed his doctorate at The University of Oklahoma- USA. He is currently a Professor of the Physical Education course at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the Southeast of Minas de Gerais (IF Sudeste MG), Rio Pomba Campus. He is undertaking a post-doctoral internship at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora.

Alexandre Romero, Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul

Graduated in Physical Education from Faculdades Integradas de Guarulhos (1992), specialization in Modern Bases of Sports Training from FMU (1994), specialization in Exercise Physiology from UNIFESP-EPM (1997), master's degree in Health Sciences from Universidade Guarulhos (2002 ), master's degree in Public Health from the Faculty of Public Health at USP (2007), PhD in Sciences from the Faculty of Public Health at USP (2012), post-doctorate from the Postgraduate program in Physical Activity Sciences at the School of Arts and Sciences and Humanities at the University of São Paulo (2014). Municipal Health Councilor of Santo André (2008-2009). Coordinator of the Physical Education course - FIG-UNIMESP (2019-2020). He is currently a professor of the Physical Education course at the Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul? USCS; professor of the Physical Education and Psychology course - FIG-UNIMESP. He has experience in the area of Physical Education, with an emphasis on Physical Education and Health, working mainly on the following topics: Physical Activity and Public Health, Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Physical Conditioning.

Claudio André Barbosa de Lira, Universidade Federal de Goiás

Graduated in Biological Sciences (Medical Modality) from the Federal University of São Paulo (2001), specialization in Exercise Physiology from the Federal University of São Paulo (2002), master's degree (2004) and doctorate in Sciences (2008) from the Postgraduate Program degree in Pharmacology (Exercise Physiology Laboratory of the Department of Physiology) from the Federal University of São Paulo. He is currently Associate Professor Level 3 at the Faculty of Physical Education and Dance (FEFD) at the Federal University of Goiás and advisor for the Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences at the Faculty of Medicine at the Federal University of Goiás (master's and doctorate) and the Postgraduate Program in Physical Education at FEFD (master's degree). He is General Coordinator of the Goiana Research Network in Exercise Physiology accredited by the Goiás State Research Support Foundation (FAPEG). He is the author of the book "Exercise Physiology" (1st Edition, Editora Manole, 2016).

Carlos Alexandre Vieira, Universidade Federal de Goiás

Graduated in Physical Education, Master in Public Health (USP), Doctor in Health Sciences (UnB). Part of the PhD carried out at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, U.S.A. (CAPES Scholarship). Adjunct Professor at the Faculty of Physical Education and Dance at the Federal University of Goiás (FEFD/UFG). Professor in the postgraduate program in Physical Education (PPGEF) at the Faculty of Physical Education and Dance at UFG; Professor in the postgraduate program in Health Sciences ((PPGCS) at the Faculty of Medicine at UFG. Coordinator of the specialization course in Strength Training at FEFD. Develops research on exercise, health and special populations.

References

Adewuya, A. O., Ola B. A., Aloba O. O., Mapayi B. M. & Oginni O. O. (2006). Depression amongst Nigerian university students: Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 41(8), 674-8.

Af Geijerstam, A., Mehlig, K., Börjesson, M., Robertson, J., Nyberg, J., Adiels, M., & Lissner, L. (2021). Fitness, strength and severity of COVID-19: A prospective register study of 1 559 187 Swedish conscripts. BMJ Open. 11(7), 1–8.

Ainsworth, B. E., Haskell, W. L., Leon, A. S., Jacobs Jr, D. R., Montoye, H. J., Sallis, J. F. & Paffenbarger Jr, R. S. (1993). Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 25(1), 71-80.

Ainsworth, B. E., Whitte-Glover, M. C., Swartz, A. M. & Strath, S. J. (2000). Compendium of physical activities: An update of activity codes and MET intensities. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 32(9), 71-80.

Antunes, H. K. M., Stella, S. G., Santos, R. F., Bueno, O. F. A. & Mello, M. T. de. (2005). Depression, anxiety and quality of life scores in seniors after an endurance exercise program. Rev Bras Psiquiatria. 27(4), 266–71.

Barros, B. P. de, Nishiura1, J. L., Heilberg, I. P., & Kirsztajn, G. M. (2011). Ansiedade, depressão e qualidade de vida em pacientes autossômica dominante. J Bras Nefrol. 33(2), 120–8.

Biaggio, A. M. B., Natalício, L. & Spielberger, C. D. (1977). Desenvolvimento da forma experimental em português do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) de Spielberger. Arq Bras Psic Apl. 29(3), 31–44.

Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N. & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 395(February), 912–20, 2020.

Cavestro, M. & Rocha, F. L. (2006). Prevalência de depressão entre estudantes universitários. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria. 55(4).

Centro Coordenador Do Ipaq No Brasil. Classificação do Nível de Atividade Física Ipaq. CELAFISCS. [s.d.].

Cheik, N. C., Reis, I. T., Heredia, R. A. G., Ventura, M. L., Tufik, S., Antunes, H. K. M. & Mello, M. T. (2003). Efeitos do Exercício Físico e da Atividade Física na depressão e ansiedade em indivíduos idosos. Rev Bras Ci e Mov. 11(3), 45–52.

De Souza, F. R., Motta-Santos, D., Soares, D. S., Lima, J. B., Cardozo, G. G., Guimarães, L. S. P., & Santos, M. R. dos. (2021). Association of physical activity levels and the prevalence of COVID-19-associated hospitalization. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 24(9), 913–8.

Diamond, R. & Byrd, E. (2020). Standing up for health – improving mental wellbeing during COVID-19 isolation by reducing sedentary behaviour. Journal of Affective Disorders. 277(1), 232-4.

Fontes, A. C. D. & Vianna, R. P. T. (2009). Prevalência e fatores associados ao baixo nível de atividade física entre estudantes universitários de uma universidade pública da região Nordeste - Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia. 12(1), 20–9.

Husky, M. M., Kovess-Masfety, V. & Swendsen, J. D. (2020). Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 102, 152191.

Ipaq - International Physical Activity Questionnaire (2005). Guidelines for Data Processing and Analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) – Short and Long Forms.

Jansen, K., Mondin, T. C., Ores, L. C., Souza, L. D. M., Konradt, C. E., Pinheiro, R. T. & Silva, R. A. (2011). Transtornos mentais comuns e qualidade de vida em jovens - uma amostra populacional de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 27(3), 440–8.

Kaipper, M. B. (2008). Avaliação do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) através da Análise de Rasch. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS. 1–138.

Kaparounaki, K. K., Patsali, M. E., Mousa, D-P. V., Papadopoulou, E. V. K., Papadopoulou, K. K. K. & Fountoulakis, K. N. (2020). University students’ mental health amidst the COVID-19 quarantine in Greece. Psychiatry Research. 290, 113111.

Kara, Ö., Kara, M. & Özçakar, L. (2021). Grip strength as a predictor of disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Heart and Lung. 50(6), 743–7.

Krishnamoorthy, Y., Nagarajan, R., Saya, G. K. & Menon, V. (2020). Prevalence of psychological morbidities among general population, healthcare workers and COVID-19 patients amidst the COVID-19 pandemic- A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research. 293, 113382.

Li, Q., Miao, Y., Zeng, X., Wu, C. & Wu, J. (2020). Prevalence and Factors for Anxiety during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)- Epidemic among the Teachers in China. Journal of Affective Disorders. 277(1), 153-8.

Lopez, M. R. A., Ribeiro, J. P., Ores, L. C., Jansen, K., Souza, L. D. M., Pinheiro, R. T. & Silva, R. A. (2010). Depressão e qualidade de vida em jovens de 18 a 24 anos no sul do Brasil. Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul. 33(2), 103–8.

Maia, B. R. & Dias, P. C. (2020). Anxiety, depression and stress in university students: The impact of COVID-19. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas). 37, 1–8.

Mamede, W. (2020). Quarentena da COVID-19 no Brasil: necessidade ou política do excesso contra o desconhecido? Uma crítica ao plano brasileiro de contingência, frente às orientações do relatório do Imperial College Team. Revista Sustinere. 8(1).

Matsudo, S., Matsudo, V., Andrade, D., Andrade, E., Oliveira, L. C. & Braggion, G. (2001). Questionário Internacional De Atividade Física (Ipaq): Estupo De Validade E Reprodutibilidade No Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde. 6(2), 5–18.

Mattioli, A. V., Pint, M., Farinetti, A. & Nasi, M. (2020). Obesity risk during collective quarantine for the COVID-19 epidemic. Obese Medicine. 20, 100263.

Maugeri, G., Castrogiovann, P., Battaglia, G., Pippi, R., D'Agata, V, Palma, A., & Musumeci, G. (2020). The impact of physical activity on psychological health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon. 6, e04315.

Maximiano, V. D. S., Hudson, T. A., Ferreira, L. A., Dornellas, L. C. G., Paula, O. R. de, Neves, C. M., & Meireles, J. F. F. (2020). Physical activity level, depression, and anxiety of undergraduate students in Physical Education. Motricidade. 16(1), 104–12.

Melo, A., Carvalho, E. M., Sá, F. G. S. de, Cordeiro, J. P., Leopoldo, A. S. & Lima-Leopoldo, A. P. (2016). Nível de Atividade Física dos Estudantes de Graduação em Educação Física da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Journal of Physical Education. 27(1), e2723.

Merchán-Haman, E. & Tauil, P. L. (2021). Proposta de classificação dos diferentes tipos de estudos epidemiológicos descritivos. Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde. 30 (1)

Morales, V. J. & Lopez, Y. A. F. (2020). Impactos da Pandemia na Vida Académica dos Estudantes Universitários. Revista Angolana de Extensão Universitária. 2(3), 53–67.

Moro, T. & Paoli, A. (2020). When COVID-19 affects muscle- effects of quarantine in older adults. Eur J Transl Myol. 30(2), 219–22.

Pardini, R., Matsudo, S., Araújo, T., Matsudo, V., Andrade, E., Braggion, G., & Raso, V. (2001). Validação do questionário internacional de nível de atividade física (IPAQ -versão 6): estudo piloto em adultos jovens brasileiros. Rev. Bras. Ciên. e Mov. 9, p. 45–51.

Patsali, M. E., Mousa, D-P. V., Papadopoulou, E. V. K., Papadopoulou, K. K. K., Kaparounak, C. K., Diakogiannis, I., Fountoulakis, K. N. (2020). University students’ changes in mental health status and determinants of T behavior during the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Psychiatry Research. 292, 113298.

Pedersen, B. K. & Saltin, B. (2015). Exercise as medicine - Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 25(3), 1–72.

Pereira, A. S., Shitsuka, D. M., Parreira, F. J. & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.

Pereira, M. D., Oliveira, L. C., Costa, C. F. T., Bezerra, C. M. O., Pereira, M. D., Santos, C. K. A. & Dantas, E. H. M. (2020). A pandemia de COVID-19, o isolamento social, consequências na saúde mental e estratégias de enfrentamento: uma revisão integrativa. Research Society and Development. 9(7), e652974548.

Pucci, G. C. M. F., Rech, C. R., Fermino, R. C. & Reis, R. S. (2012). Associação entre atividade física e qualidade de vida em adultos. Rev Saúde Pública. 46(1), 166–79.

Puccinelli, P. J., Costa, T. S., Seffrin, A., Lira, C. A. B., Vancini, R. L., Nikolaidis, P. T., & Andrade, M. S. (2021). Reduced level of physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with depression and anxiety levels: an internet-based survey. BMC Public Health. 21(1), 1–11.

Rakhmanov, O. & Dane, S. (2020). Knowledge and Anxiety Levels of African University Students Against COVID-19 During the Pandemic Outbreak by an Online Survey. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science. 8(3), 53–6.

Ribeiro, E. G. & Souza, E. L. (2020). Saúde Mental na Perspectiva do Enfrentamento à COVID -19 : Manejo das Consequências Relacionadas ao Isolamento Social Mental. Rev Enfermagem e Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade São Paulo – FSP. 4(2), 47–57.

Salgado-Aranda, R., Pérez-Castellano, N., Núñez-Gil, I., Orozco, A. J., Torres-Esquivel, N., Flores-Soler, J., & Pérez-Villacastı́n, J. (2020). Influence of Baseline Physical Activity as a Modifying Factor on COVID-19 Mortality: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study. Infectious Diseases and Therapy. 10(2), 801–14.

Sallam, M., Dababseh, D., Yaseen, A., Al-Haidar, A., Ababneh, N. A., Bakri, F. G. & Mahafzah, A. (2020). Conspiracy Beliefs Are Associated with Lower Knowledge and Higher Anxiety Levels Regarding COVID-19 among Students at the University of Jordan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17, 4915.

Silva, D. A. S., Pereira, I. M.M., Almeida, M. B., Silva, R. J. S. & Oliveira, A. C. C. (2012). Estilo de vida de acadêmicos de educação física de uma universidade pública do estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte. 34(1), 53–67.

Silva, E. G., Llontop, L. F., Rojas, I. R. & Elmore, R. S. (2002). Aplicación del “MINI” como orientación diagnóstica psiquiátrica en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Informe preliminar epidemiológico. Revista Medica Herediana. 13(1), 19.

Silva, J. K. R. M. da, Dias, V. M., Reis, F. V. F., Nogueira, C. J., Brito, M. T., Dias, B. A. C., & Brandão, P. P. (2022). Os efeitos da pandemia de covid-19 sobre a ansiedade e depressão em estudantes de educação física. International Journal of Development Research. 12(08), 57936–40.

Silva, M. A., Wendt, G. W. & Argimon, I. I. de L. (2018). Inventário de Depressão de Beck II: Análises pela Teoria do Traço Latente. Avaliação Psicológica1. 17(3), 339–50.

Solon Junior, L. J. F., Fortes, L. S., Barbosa, B. T., Feitosa Júnior, J. V. A., Ribeiro, C. H. T. & Neto, L. V. S. (2020). Home-based exercise during confinement in COVID-19 pandemic and mental health in adults: a cross-sectional comparative study. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde. 25, 1–7.

Tibério, S. F., Mizael, T. M., Luiz, F. B., Rocha, C. A. A. da, Araújo, S. A. de, Santos, A. M. dos, & Hunziker, M. H. L. (2020). A Natureza Comportamental Da Pandemia De Covid-19. Revista Brasileira de Análise do Comportamento. 16(1), 57–70.

Vasconcelos-Raposo, J., Fernandes, H. M., Mano, M. & Martins, E. (2009). Relação entre exercício físico, depressão e índice de massa corporal. Fundação Técnica e Científica do Desporto. 5(1), 21–32.

Published

02/10/2023

How to Cite

MAMEDE, F. A. da C. .; ALVES, R. R. .; FERREIRA JÚNIOR, J. B. .; ROMERO, A. .; LIRA, C. A. B. de .; VIEIRA, C. A. . Evaluation of the level of physical activity, anxiety and depression symptoms in undergraduate students of the Physical Education course during social isolation. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 10, p. e17121043335, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i10.43335. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/43335. Acesso em: 14 nov. 2024.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences