Vitamin C and the relationship with immunity and as a Preventive Agent for COVID- 19 (Sars -Cov2)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14511Keywords:
Ascorbic acid; Immune system; Corona virus.Abstract
Vitamin C also called ascorbic acid is an antioxidant, whose function is related to the improvement of the immune system, protection against cardiovascular diseases, helps in combating stress, in addition to protection of nails, hair and eyes. Knowing its importance for immunity and taking into account its role as a disease preventive agent, the objective of this work was to carry out a bibliographic survey on the role of vitamin C in relation to immunity and how it works against COVID - 19 disease, also known like Corona virus, showing the importance of this vitamin and its mechanisms of action in the human body. From the review carried out, it was noted that vitamin C is essential for the immune system and that the lack of it leads to a disease called scurvy, in addition it was noted that ascorbic acid is found naturally in some foods, especially citrus, and it is still added in other supplements. Regarding vitamin C as a preventive agent, COVID-19 showed that patients treated with a high dose had significant improvements in both adults and children. Therefore, considering the studies carried out, it is concluded that vitamin C has that vitamin C improves the immune system and is associated with the regulation of a healthy life.
References
Allegra, A., Tonacci, A., Pioggia, G., Musolino, C. & Gangemi, S (2020). Vitamin deficiency as risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection: correlation with susceptibility and prognosis. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 24: 9721-9738.
Ang, A., Pullar, J. M., Currie, M. J., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2018). Vitamin C and immune cell function in inflammation and cancer. Biochem Soc Trans. 46 (5), 1147–59
Arabi, Y. M. & Fowler. R. F. G (2020). Hayden Critical care management of adults with community-acquired severe respiratory viral infection. Intensive Care Med, 46: 315-328.
Barazzoni, R., Bischoff, S., Breda, J., Wickramasinghe, K., Krznaric, Z., Nitzan, D., Pirlich, M., & Singer, P. (2020). Espen. experts statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS- CoV2 infection. Clin Nutr. 39 (6), 1631-38.
Biasebetti, M. B. C., Rodrigues, I. D., & Mazur, C. E. (2018). Relação do Consumo de Vitaminas e Minerais com o Sistema Imunitário: uma Breve Revisão. Visão Acadêmica, Curitiba, 191(1).
Bohm, F., Settergren, & J. M. Pernow, (2007). Vitamin C blocks vascular dysfunction and release of interleukin-6 induced by endothelin-1 in humans in vivo. Atherosclerosis. 190, 408-415.
Calder, P. C., Carr, A. C., Gombart, A. F., & Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections. Nutrients, 12,4 1181.
Campos, L. F. et al (2020). Parecer BRASPEN/AMIB para enfrentamento do COVID 19 em pacientes Hospitalizados. BRASPEN J, 35(1), 3-5.
Carr, A. C., & Maggini, S. (2017). Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients, 9 p. 121.
Cavalari, T. G. F., & Sanches, R. A (2018). Os Efeitos Da Vitamina C. Revista Saúde em Foco.
Dietary Reference Intakes (2000). Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. Washington, D. C. National Academy, 5, 95-185.
Dennis, J. M., & Witting, P. K. (2017). Protective role for antioxidants in acute kidney disease. Nutrients, 9, p. 718.
Dutra, A. de F. de O., Dias, A. D. C., Araújo, D. G. De S., et al. (2020). A importância da alimentação saudável e estado nutricional adequado frente a pandemia de Covid -19. Braz. J. of Develop., 6(9), 66464-66473.
El-Ishag, A., & Obirinakem, S (2015). Effect of temperature and storage on vitamin C content in fruits juice. International Journal of Chemical and biomolecular Science, 1, 17-21.
Erol, A. (2020). High-dose intravenous vitamin C treatment for COVID-19. Erol Project Development House for the Disorders of Energy Megabolism, Silivri-Istanbul, Turkey.
European Food Safety Authority (2013). Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union. EFSA Journal, 11, 1-103.
Fowler, A. A., Truwit, J. D., Hite, R. D., Morris, P. E., DeWilde, C., Priday. A., et al (2019). Effect of vitamin C infusion on organ failure and biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury in patients with sepsis and severe acute respiratory failure: The CITRIS-ALI randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 322, 1261-1270.
Freeman, B. D., Machado F. S., Tanowitz, H. B., & Desruisseaux, M. S. (2014). Endothelin-1 and its role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Life Sci. 118, 110-119.
Fuchs, F. D. (2010), Wannmacher L. Farmacologia Clínica: Fundamentos da Terapêutica Racional. (4a ed.), Guanabara Koogan.
Gombart, A. F., Pierre, A., & Magginim, S. (2020). A review of micronutrients and the immune system-Working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection. Nutrients, 12, 236.
Grosso, G., Bei, R., Mistretta, A., Marventano, S., Calabrese, G., & Masuelli, L (2013). Effects of vitamin C on health: a review of evidence. Front. Biosci. 18, 1017–1029.
Hemilä, H (2017). Vitamin C and Infections. Nutrientes. 9 (4):339. 10.3390/nu9040339. 28353648.
Hemilä, H., & Chalker. E (2019). Vitamin C can shorten the length of stay in the ICU: A meta-analysis. Nutrientes, 11 (4), 708.
Hemilä, H., & Chalker, E. (2020). Vitamin C may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients: a meta-regression analysis. J Intensive Care. 8, 15.
Lai, C. C., Shih, T. P., Ko, W. C., Tang, H. J., & Hsueh, P. R. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 55, 105924.
Lei nº 11.346, de 15 de setembro de (2006). Cria o Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - SISAN com vistas em assegurar o direito humano à alimentação adequada e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União.
Li, F. (2016). Structure, function and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins. Annu Rev Virol. 3, 237-61.
Lima, W. L., Batista, M. C. C., Silvino, V. O., Moura, R. C., Mendes, I. L., Moura, M. S. B., Batista, N. K. C., Silva, K. R., & Barbosa, A. K. S. (2020). Importância nutricional das vitaminas e minerais na infecção da COVID-19. Research Society and Development, 9(8).
Marik, P. E. (2020). Vitamin C: An essential “stress hormone” during sepsis. J Thorac Disease, 12, S84-S88.
McEvoy, G. (2011). Drug Information. Bethesda, Maryland, USA: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
Mendes, E. N., Fiquene, J. C., Bessani, L., Santos Silva, F. C. M., Máximo, N. F., & Alvarez, L. S. (2020). Hábitos de vida e consumo de alimentos pós pandemia de COVID-19 em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Revista de Saúde Coletiva. Barueri, 10(58).
Murphy, K. (2019). Imunologia de Janeway. (8a ed.) Ed. Artmed. Nutrients, 11(708).
Pénicaud, C., Peyron, S., Bohuon, P., Gontard, N., & Guillard, V. (2010). Ascorbic acid in food: Development of a rapid analysis technique and application to diffusivity determination. Food Research International, 43 (3), 838-847.
Pereira, S. A., et al (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. UFSM. https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/Lic_Computacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf?sequence=1.
Scavone, C., Brusco, S., Bertini, M., Sportiello, L., Rafaniello, C., Zoccoli, A., Berrino, G., Racagni F., & Rossi, A (2020). Capuano Current pharmacological treatments for COVID-19: What’s next? Br. J. Pharmacol., 177, 4813-4824.
Shakoor, H., Feehan, J., Ayesha S., Dhaheri, Al., Ali, H. I., Carine Platat, C., Ismail, C. L., Apostolopoulos, V., & Stojanovska, L. (2021). Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19? Maturitas, 143.
Siqueira, K. B., Binoti, M. L., Nunes, R. M., Borges, C. A. V., Pilati, A. F., Marcelino, G. W., Gama, M. A. S., & Silva, P. H. F. (2020). Custo benefício dos nutrientes dos alimentos consumidos no Brasil. Revista de Ciências e Saúde Coletiva, 25(3), 1129-1135.
Spinola, V. A. R. (2011). Novas Metodologias para a Determinação do Conteúdo de Ácido Ascórbico em Alimentos Frescos. Dissertação De Mestrado em Bioquímica Aplicada. Universidade da Madeira. Portugal.
Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos (TACO) (2011). Coordenada pelo Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação (NEPA) da UNICAMP e com financiamento do Ministério da Saúde – MS e Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à FOME.
Travica, N., Ried, K., Sali, A., Scholey, A., Hudson, I., & Pipingas, A (2017). Vitamin C status and cognitive function: A systematic review. Nutrients. 9(9):960. 10.3390/nu9090960.
Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., & Qin, Q. (2020). Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures. J. Med. Virol. 92, 568-576.
Zeng, Y. C., Cai, Z. X., Xianyu, Y. Y., Yang, B. X., Ting, C., & Yan, O (2020). Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: a retrospective case series. Crit Care, 24, 148.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Michelle Nogueira de Jesus; Aline Cristine Ferreira Felipe Rocha ; Stéphani Borges Campos; Tâmara Fabíola Vieira Santana; Geovana Rocha Plácido
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.