Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis outbreak in Nile tilapia juveniles cultivated in net cages in the Araguari river basin, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19332Keywords:
Granuloma; Cutaneous lesion; Oreochromis niloticus.Abstract
The aims at identifying and describing the occurrence ofanatomopathological and histopathological changes in Nile tilapia juveniles, naturally infected with Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno). The Nile tilapias of this study were cultivated in net cages in the region of the Araguari River basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and due to a mortality rate ranging from 40 to 60%, 64 fish samples were collected and sent for examination in the laboratory. At necropsy, granuloma-like nodules were observed in the spleen 59/64(92.2%), kidney 24/64 (37.5%), and liver 09/64 (14.1%). Fno was detected in 98% (49/50) of the samples by PCR. Upon analysis, astrong correlation was observed between external and internal lesions, since granulomatous lesions present in the spleen and kidney of the same animal simultaneously were also accompanied by skin ulcers, suggesting that the cutaneous lesion is related to the presence of Fno in tilapia and can be used as an indication for early diagnosis. Thus, the high prevalence of Fno observed in this research study allows characterizing an outbreak in the region. It is noteworthy that especially regarding the consumption of tilapia meat, although there are zoonotic species in the Francisella group, the zoonotic potential of Fno is not yet known and should be further studied.
References
Andrade, A. S. (2020). Aquicultura brasileira: a visão do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento a partir do sistema de registro geral da pesca e aquicultura. Research, Society and Development, 9(10), e2759108398-e2759108398. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8398
Assis, G. B. N., Oliveira, T. F., Figueiredo, H. C., & Leal, C. A. G. (2016). Sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR and bacteriological culture for francisellosis in farm-raised Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L). Journal of fish diseases, 40(6), 785-795. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12559
Assis, G. B. N., Tavares, G. C., Pereira, F. L., Figueiredo, H. C. P., & Leal, C. A. G. (2017). Natural coinfection by Streptococcus agalactiae and Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). Journal of fish diseases, 40(1), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12493
Ayres, M., Ayres Júnior, M., Ayres, D. L., Santos, A. A. S., & Ayres, L. L. (2007). BioEstat 5.4: aplicações estatísticas nas áreas das ciências biológicas e médicas. 5. ed. Belém, PA: Publicações Avulsas do Mamirauá. Recuperado de https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alex-De-Assis-Dos-Santos-2/publication/263608962_BIOESTAT_-_aplicacoes_estatisticas_nas_areas_das_Ciencias_Bio-Medicas/links/02e7e53b598e69ebfe000000/BIOESTAT-aplicacoes-estatisticas-nas-areas-das-Ciencias-Bio-Medicas.pdf
Balamurugan, S., Deivasigamani, B., Kumaran, S., Sakthivel, M., Rajsekar, T., & Priyadharsini, P. (2012). Melanomacrophage centers aggregation in P lineatus spleen as bioindicator of environmental change Asian Pacific. Journal of Tropical Disease, 2(S2), S635-S638. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60235-7
Baumgartner, W. A., Hawke, J. (2011). Bacterial diseases cause granulomas in fish: varied staining methods identify pathogens. Global Aquaculture, 14(4), 34-36.
Birkbeck, T. H., Feist, S. W., & Verner-Jeffreys, D. W. (2011). Francisella infections in fish and shellfish. J Fish Dis, 34(3), 173-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01226.x
Colquhoun, D. J., & Duodu, S. (2011). Francisella infections in farmed and wild aquatic organisms. Veterinary Research, 42(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-42-47
Costa, F. A. A., Leal, C. A. G., Leite, R. C., & Figueiredo, H. C. P. (2014). Genotyping of Streptococcus dysgalactiae strains isolated from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L). Journal of fish diseases, 37(5), 463-469. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12125
Crane, D. D., Griffin, A. J., Wehrly, T. D., & Bosio, C. M. (2013). B1a cells enhance susceptibility to infection with virulent Francisella tularensis via modulation of NK/NKT cell responses. The Journal of Immunology, 190(6), 2756-2766. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1202697
Dalebroux, Z. D., & Swanson, M. S. (2012). ppGpp: magic beyond RNA polymerase. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 10(3), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2720
Delphino, M. K. V. C., Leal, C. A .G., Gardner, I. A., Assis, G. B. N., Roriz, G. D., Ferreira, F., ... Gonçalves, V. S. P. Seasonal dynamics of bacterial pathogens of Nile tilapia farmed in a Brazilian reservoir. Aquaculture, 498, 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.023
Duodu, S., Larsson, P., Sjoèdin, A., Soto, E., Forsman, M., & Colquhoun, D. J. (2012). Real-time PCR assays targeting unique DNA sequences of fish-pathogenic Francisella noatunensis subspecies noatunensis and orientalis. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 101(3), 225-234. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02514
El-Sayed, A. F. M. (2006). Tilapia Culture., Wallingford, UK: CABI International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851990149.0000
Fernandez-Alarcon, M. F , Santana, A. M., Viadanna, P. H. O., Manzini, B. Natori, M. M., Ishikawa, C. M. & Tachibana L. (2019). Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged infection by Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis via an intragastric route protocol, Aquaculture, 510, 380-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.06.007
Ferullo, D. J., & Lovett, S. T. (2008). The stringent response and cell cycle arrest in Escherichia coli. PLoS genetics, 4(12), e1000300. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000300
Hsieh, C. Y., Tung, M. C., Tu, C., Chang, C. D., & Tsai, S. S. (2006). Enzootics of visceral granulomas associated with Francisella-like organism infection in tilapia (Oreochromis spp). Aquaculture, 254, 129-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.044
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). (2017). Estação de Uberlândia Temperatura no período de 01 de Julho de 2017 a 31 de Julho de 2017. Recuperado de http://wwwinmetgovbr/portal/indexphp?r=home/page&page=rede_estacoes_auto_graf
Jatobá, A., Klipp, S. P., & Hoppe, R. (2016). Primeiro relato de Francisella noatunensis subespécie orientalis no sul do Brasil–relato de caso. Acta Veterinaria Brasilica, 10(2), 172-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2016.10.2.5512
Joshi, R., Almeida, D. B., Costa, A. R., Skaarud, A., Pádua Pereira, U., Knutsen, T. M., ... & Alvarez, A. T. (2021). Genomic selection for resistance to Francisellosis in commercial Nile tilapia population: genetic and genomic parameters, correlation with growth rate and predictive ability. Aquaculture, 537, 736515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736515
Ferreira Junior, J. A., Leonardo, A. S., Azevedo, J. P. M. V. B., Rodrigues, F. R., Nascimento, K. A., Macêdo, J. T. S. A., & Pedroso, P. M. O. (2018). Outbreak of Infection by Piscinoodinium pillulare and Trichodina spp. in Tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), Pirapitingas (Piaractus brachypomus) and Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Federal District, Brazil. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 46, 293. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.86827
Leal, C. A., Tavares, G. C., & Figueiredo, H. C. (2014). Outbreaks and genetic diversity of Francisella noatunensis subsp orientalis isolated from farm-raised Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Brazil. Genetics and Molecular Research, 13(3), 5704-5712. https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.July.25.26
Lewis, J., & Soto, E. (2019). Gene expression of putative type VI secretion system (T6SS) genes in the emergent fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis in different physiochemical conditions. BMC microbiology, 19(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1389-7
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. (10th revis. ed., vol. 1). Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.
Neyrão, I. M. (2017). Mediação de respostas imunes e do sistema de defesa antioxidante pelo cortisol em pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal. Recuperado de https://repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/150261/neyrao_im_me_jabo_int.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y
Noga, E. J. (2010). Fish disease: diagnosis and treatment. Hoboken, Nova Jersey: Blackwell Publishing.
Ortega, C., Mancera, G., Enriquez, R., Vargas, A. Martínez, S., ... Romero, A. (2016). First identification of Francisella noatunensis subsp orientalis causing mortality in Mexican tilapia Oreochromis spp. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 120(3), 205-215. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02999
Pereira, A. S., Shitsuka, D. M., Parreira, F. J., & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica.
Pereira, F. L., Tavares, G. C., Carvalho, A. F., Rosa, J. C. C., Rezende, C. P., Leal, C. A. G., & Figueiredo, H. C. P. (2019). Effects of temperature changes in the transcriptional profile of the emerging fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis. Microbial pathogenesis, 133, 103548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103548
Qiang, L., Ningqiu. L., Xiaozhe. F., Qiandong. H., Ouqin, C., Lihui L., ... Shuqin, W. (2015). An outbreak or granulomatous inflammation associated with Francisella noatunensis subsp orientalis in farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O aureus) in China Chinese. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 34(3), 460-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-016-4311-2
Raghiante, F. (2016). Francisella noatunensis orientalis em tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivadas em tanques-rede na bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguari – Minas Gerais. (Tese de Doutorado), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP.
Raghiante, F., Ferrasso, M. M., Rodrigues, M. V., Biondi, G. F., & Martins, O. A. (2017). Francisella spp. em tilápias no Brasil: uma revisão. Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal, 11(1), 119-130. Recuperado de http://www.higieneanimal.ufc.br/seer/index.php/higieneanimal/article/view/385
Rodrigues, M. V., Francisco, C. J., David, G. S., Silva, R. J., Falcone-Dias, M. F., Araújo Júnior, J. P. (2018). Monitoring of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Brazil. Aquaculture Internationa, 26(1), 127-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-017-0204-4
Rosendo, J. S., & Rosa, R. (2012). Comparação do estoque de C estimado em pastagem e vegetação nativa de cerrado. Sociedade & Natureza, 24(2), 59-379. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1982-45132012000200014
Sambrook, J. F., & Russell, D. W. (2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd ed., New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Sebastião, F. A., Pilarski, F., Kearney, M. T., & Soto, E. (2017). Molecular detection of Francisella noatunensis subsp orientalis in cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) in three Brazilian states. Journal of fish diseases, 40(11), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12636
Soto, E., Bowles, K., Fernandez, D., & Hawke, J. P. (2010). Development of a real-time PCR assay for identification and quantification of the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp orientalis. Dis Aquat Organ, 89(3),199-207. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02204
Soto, E., Abrams, S. B., & Revan, F. (2012). Effects of temperature and salt concentration on Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis infections in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 101(3), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02533.
Soto, E., Brown, N., Gardenfors, Z. O., Yount, S., Revan, F., Francis, S., ... Camus, A. (2014). Effect of size and temperature at vaccination on immunization and protection conferred by a live attenuated Francisella noatunensis immersion vaccine in red hybrid tilápia. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 41(2), 593-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.009
Tavares-Dias, M. (2009). Manejo e sanidade de peixes em cultivo. Macapá, AP: Embrapa Amapá. Recuperado de https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/handle/doc/353099
Trewavas, E. (1983). Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. London, UK: Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 1983.
Valladão, G. M. R., Alves, L. O., & Pilarski, F. (2016). Trichodiniasis in Nile tilapia hatcheries: diagnosis, parasite: host-stage relationship and treatment. Aquaculture, 451, 444-450.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.09.030
Valenti, W. C., Barros, H. P., Moraes-Valenti, P., Bueno, G. W., & Cavalli, R. O. (2021). Aquaculture in Brazil: past, present and future. Aquaculture Reports, 19, 100611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100611
Yusni, E., & Rambe, N. (2019). Identification of ectoparasites in Fry Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) in Aquaculture Pond. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 260(1), 012110). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/260/1/012110
Zago, A. C., Franceschini, L., Garcia, F., Schalch, S. H. C., Gozi, K. S., & Silva, R. J. (2014). Ectoparasites of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in cage farming in a hydroelectric reservoir in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 23(2),171-178. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612014041
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Mariela Moura Carreon ; Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Viadanna; Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano; Miguel Frederico Fernandez-Alarcon; Igor Paula de Castro; Danilo Guedes Junqueira Junior; Higor Oliveira Silva; Frederico Augusto Alcântara Costa; Anna Monteiro Correia Lima
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
