Advances in pre implantation genetic tests: literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i15.23103Keywords:
DGPI; Bioethics; In vitro fertilization; Assisted Reproduction.Abstract
The development of pre-implantation genetic technologies allows us to identify hereditary genetic anomalies, perform screening for mutations and, previously analyze the viability of an embryo, including knowing the embryonic genetic compatibility with that of a person already born and sick, who need a compatible donor. Preimplantation genetic tests consist of a set of techniques, performed after the in vitro fertilization (IVF) process and before embryo implantation. Due to the scarcity of articles in the Brazilian literature on the subject, a literature review was developed, which aims to explain the advances that have taken place in the last 30 years in tests used for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), clarifying and presenting their protocols. For this, the main adopted techniques were selected, namely Nested PCR, Multiplex PCR, qPCR, FISH, aCGH, SNP's, NGS Ion Torrent, and Illumina, in addition to contextualizing the chronology of the tests and presenting the entire ethical context that involves them. For this purpose, 48 references were used in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, mostly dating from 2017 to 2021. It is a fact that the DGPI provides a great advance in the field of assisted reproduction and allows women of advanced age or recurrent history of abortion, in addition to people with genetic abnormalities, to have the DNA of their embryos analyzed before its implantation, allowing the identification of mutations that could affect the baby's health and guaranteeing its compatibility with life.
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