Potential for environmental contamination of herbicides used in corn, soy and sugar cane cultures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7442Keywords:
Agriculture; Agrochemicals; Commodities; Environmental.Abstract
Population growth and the consequent demand for food puts strong pressure on the environment, especially in agricultural areas. Brazil, the second largest exporter of food in the world, stands out the important sugarcane, corn and soybean agribusiness commodities. However, for this production to be maintained, agricultural practices such as weed management, pesticide management, and environmental protection practices of natural resources are essential. The method of chemical control of weeds with herbicides has been the most used, placing Brazil as the largest consumer in the world, in quantity. The presence of these molecules in the environment can affect several ecosystems including water resources. The objective of this review was to discuss the potential of contamination of water bodies with herbicides used in the cultivation of soybeans, corn and sugarcane in Brazil. The most traded active ingredients in recent years are glyphosate, 2,4-D, atrazine and diuron. Studies of the monitoring of pesticide residues have indicated that these agrochemicals are present in food, atmosphere, surface water and groundwater. Part of the formulations of the herbicides marketed for the evaluated crops has an environmental classification between Class II (Very Dangerous) and III (Dangerous). Case reports involving herbicide contamination have been described in Brazil and worldwide. Atrazine is the herbicide with the highest number of reports as a water contaminant. Control should be adopted within integrated management to minimize damage, as well as farmers' awareness of the conscious and sustainable use and monitoring of the bodies responsible for monitoring water resources.
References
Albinati, A. C. L., Moreira, E. L. T., Albinati, R. C. B., Carvalho, J. V., Santos, G. B., & Lira, A. D. (2007). Toxicidade aguda do herbicida Roundup para piauçu (Leporinus macrocephalus). Revista Brasileira de Saúde Produção Animal. 8, 184-192.
Anvisa – Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (2013). Recuperado de http:// portal.anvisa.gov.br/wps/ portal/anvisa/home.
Armas, E. D., Monteiro, R. T. R., Antunes, P. M., Santos, M. A. P. F., & Camargo, P. B. (2007). Diagnóstico espaço temporal da ocorrência de herbicidas nas águas superficiais e sedimentos do Rio Corumbataí e principais afluentes. Química Nova, 30(5), 1119-1127.
Balinova, A. M., & Mondesky, M. (1999). Pesticides contamination of ground and surface water in Bulgarian Danube Plain. J. Environ. Sci. Health. 34(1), 33-46.
Benli, A. C. K., Sarikaya, R., Dincel, A. S., Selvi, M., Sajin, D., & Erkoc, F. (2007). Investigation of acute toxicity of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide on crayWsh (Astacus leptodactylus Esch. 1823). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 88, 296–299.
Britto, F. B., Vasco, A. N., Pereira, A. P. S., Junior, A. V. M., & Nogueira, L. C. (2012). Herbicidas no alto Rio Poxim, Sergipe e os riscos de contaminação dos recursos hídricos. Revista Ciência Agronômica. 43(2), 390-398.
Brasil-Ministério da Saúde. (2017). Portaria nº 2.914, de 12 de dezembro de 2011, Recuperado de http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/gm/2 011/ prt2914_12_1 2_2011.html.
Chaim, C. F., Plese, L. P. M., & Consolin, F. (2009). Monitoramento do Rio Iquiri no Minicípio de Capixaba/AC do herbicida 2,4-D utilizado na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Recuperado de http://connepi.ifal.edu.br/ocs/index.php/connepi/Connepi2010/ paper/view/1667/43.
Conab – Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (2016). Perspectiva para a agropecuária. 132p. Recuperado de www.conab.gov.br.
Dantas, A. D. B., Paschoalato, C. F. P. R., Ballejo, R. R., & Bernardo, L. D. (2009). Pré-oxidação e adsorção em carvão ativado granular para remoção dos herbicidas diuron e hexazinona de água subterrânea. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental. 14(3),373-380.
Dores, E.F. G. C., Navickiene, S., Cunha, M. L. F., Carbo, L., Ribeiro, M. L., & Freire, E. M. L. (2006). Multiresidue determination of herbicides in environmental waters from Primavera do Leste Region (Middle West of Brazil) by SPE-GC-NPD. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society.17(5), 866-873.
Dores, E. F. G. C., Carbo, L., Ribeiro, M. L., & Freire, E. M. L. (2008). Pesticide levels in ground and surface waters of Primavera do Leste region, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Journal of Chromatographic Science. 46, 585-590.
Gatidou, G., Stasinakis, A. S., & Latrou, E. I. (2014). Assessing single and joint toxicity of three phenylurea herbicides using Lemna minor and Vibrio fischeri bioassays. Chemosphere, 119, 69-74.
Gomes, M. A. F., & Spadotto, C. A. (2001). Biodegradação. Embrapa Meio Ambiente: Jaguariúna.
Ibama - Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. (2014). Substâncias Químicas. Agrotóxicos. Recuperado de http://www.ibama.gov.br/index.php? option=com_blankcomponent&view=default&Itemid=839.
Jacomini, A. E., Camargo, P. B., Avelar, W. E. P., & Bonato, P. S. (2011). Assessment of ametryn contamination in river water, river sediment, and mollusk bivalves in São Paulo State, Brazil. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 60,452-461.
Klumper, W., & Qaim, M. (2014). A Meta-Analysis of the Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops. PLoS ONE. 9(11) e111629.
Kuva, M. A., Gravena, R., Pitelli, R. A., Christoffoleti, P. J., & Alves, P. L. C. (2003). A. Períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. III – capim-braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens) e capim-colonião (Panicum maximum). Planta Daninha, 21(1), 37-44.
Kuva, M. A., Ferraudo, A. S., Pitelli, R. A., Alves, P. L. C. A., & Salgado, T.P. (2008). Padrões de infestação de comunidades de plantas daninhas no agroecossistema de cana-crua. Planta Daninha. 26(4), 549-557.
Lourencetti, C., Ribeiro, M. L., & Silva, M. S. (2004). Avaliação do risco de contaminação de água subterrânea por pesticidas: comparação entre modelos (2004). XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Águas Subterrâneas. Recuperado de https://aguassubterraneas.abas.org/asubterraneas/ article/view/23366.
Ministério de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento – MAPA (2016). Agrofit (Sistema de Agrotóxicos fitossanitários. Recuperado de http://agrofit.agricultura.gov.br/agrofit_cons/ principal_agrofit_cons.
Mancuso, M. A. C., Negrisoli, E., & Perim, L. (2011). Efeito residual de herbicidas no solo (“Carryover”). Revista Brasileira de Herbicidas. 10(2), 151-64.
Monquero, P. A., Binha, D. P., Inácio, E. M., Silva, P. V., & Amaral, L. R. (2011). Seletividade de herbicidas em variedades de cana-de-açúcar. Brangantia. 70(2),285-293.
Moreira, J. C., Peres, F., Simões, A. N., Pignati, W. A., Dores, E. C., Vieira, S. N., Strüssemann, C., & Mott, T. (2012). Contaminação de águas superfciais e de chuva por agrotóxicos em uma região do estado do Mato Grosso. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva.18,557-1568.
Naranjo, M. E. & Martin, A. P. (2013). Effects of sub-lethal glyphosate concentrations on growth and photosynthetic performance of non-target species Bolboschoenus maritimus. Chemosphere, 93,2631–2638
Nogueira, E. N., Dores, E. F. G. C., Pinto, A. A., Amorim, R. S. S., Ribeiro, M. R., & Lourencetti, C. (2012). Currently used pesticides in water matrices in Central-western Brazil. Journal of Brazilian Chemical Society. 23,1476-1487.
Nwani, C. D., et al. (2010). Toxicity of the Herbicide Atrazine: Effects on Lipid Peroxidation and Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus (Bloch). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 7(8),3298- 3312.
Rodrigues, B. N., & Almeida, F. L. S. (2005). Guia de herbicidas. (5a ed.), Londrina: Grafmarke.
Santos, E. A., Correia, N. M., & Botelho, R. G. (2013). Resíduos de herbicidas em corpos hídricos – Uma revisão. Revista Brasileira de Herbicidas. 12(2), 188-201.
Solomon, K. R., & Thompson, D. G. (2003). Ecological risk assessment for aquatic organisms from over-water uses of glyphosate. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 6(3), 211-246.
Souza, V., Carbo, L., Dores, E. F. G. C., Ribeiro, M. L., Vecchiato, A. B., Weber, O. L. S., Pinto, A. A., Spadotto, C. A., & Cunha, M. L. F.(2004). Determinação de pesticidas em águas de poços tubulares em áreas de cultura de algodão na microrregião de primavera do leste, Mato Grosso. XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Águas Subterrâneas. 2004. Recuperado de https://aguassubterraneas.abas.org/asubterraneas/article/view/23431.
US Census Berau. (2016). International Programs, World Population. Recuperado de http://goo.gl/z85UVP.
Vargas, L., Peixoto, C. M., & Roman, E. S. (2006). Manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho. Passo Fundo: Embrapa Trigo. 20. Recuperado de http://www.cnpt.e mbrapa.br/biblio/do/p_do61.htm.
Walls, D., Smith, P. G., & Mansell, M. G. (1996). Pesticides in groundwater in Britain. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 6(1),55-62.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Keila Cristina Vieira; Cícero Teixeira Silva; Marcio Marques da Silva; Alexandre Sylvio Vieira da Costa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
