Hongos micorrízicos arbusculares en tolerancia a la sequía: respuesta en el metabolismo antioxidante de Ocimum basilicum L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.11016Palabras clave:
Plantas medicinales; Cambios en el metabolismo; Antioxidantes.Resumen
La albahaca tiene una gran importancia debido al alto contenido de sustancias bioactivas utilizadas en la medicina tradicional y en la industria farmacéutica. Sin embargo, se producen cambios fisiológicos y bioquímicos en las plantas sometidas a la sequía. Para minimizar estos cambios se han utilizado hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el crecimiento y la respuesta antioxidante de plantas de albahaca en situación de déficit hídrico e inoculadas con Clarideoglomus etunicatum. El estudio se realizó en una cámara de crecimiento sobre plantas de albahaca inoculadas con HMA y sometidas a sequía a los 30 días del trasplante. Las plántulas inoculadas con HMA mostraron una tasa de colonización de 28,66 y 32,79%. Las plantas sin inoculación y sometidas a sequía mostraron una reducción significativa en el diámetro del tallo, longitud de la parte aérea y raíz y en la acumulación de biomasa de la parte aérea y sistema radicular. Con la inoculación se mejoró la respuesta fisiológica de las plantas bajo estrés hídrico, relacionada con la concentración de clorofila y el contenido relativo de agua. Grandes cantidades de prolina acumulados en las hojas inoculadas y bajo estrés, lo que demuestra el papel beneficioso de estos osmolites en albahaca presentados a la sequía. Las enzimas antioxidantes CAT y APX mostraron mayor actividad en plantas expuestas a la sequía e inoculadas con HMA, lo que redujo el daño de la membrana plasmática. La inoculación con FMA en albahaca reguló positivamente la síntesis de osmolitos y el metabolismo antioxidante, promoviendo la tolerancia a la sequía.
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