Embolización de la arteria gástrica izquierda como alternativa para la supresión del apetito y la pérdida de peso en pacientes obesos: una revisión integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.11629Palabras clave:
Cirugía bariátrica; Embolización Terapéutica; Ghrelina; Obesidad; Pérdida de peso.Resumen
La obesidad se caracteriza por la acumulación excesiva de grasa corporal a un nivel que compromete la salud de las personas y se asocia al desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas. El tratamiento de la obesidad consiste en la modificación de la dieta, la institución de actividad física y farmacoterapia seguida o no de cirugía bariátrica. Si bien la cirugía ha mostrado resultados positivos en relación a la pérdida de peso y reversión de comorbilidades, el alto costo, la invasividad, el riesgo de mortalidad y la restricción de la población capaz de realizar el procedimiento, incentivan la investigación de terapias alternativas. Por tanto, se produce la embolización de ramas de la arteria gástrica izquierda, para promover la supresión de la hormona grelina, un procedimiento endovascular para el tratamiento de la obesidad. El propósito de esta revisión de la literatura es analizar los estudios preclínicos, clínicos y retrospectivos publicados para evaluar la seguridad, la eficacia, los efectos secundarios, los niveles de grelina y el exceso de pérdida de peso logrado después del seguimiento durante un período. Se realizaron búsquedas de publicaciones científicas en las bases de datos PubMed, Medline, CINHAL, Scopus, Cochrane y SCIELO desde febrero / 1999 hasta noviembre / 2020 y se incluyeron 15 estudios. Concluimos que es demasiado pronto para comparar la efectividad de esta técnica con la cirugía bariátrica, ya que los informes actuales describen solo la experiencia con un número limitado de pacientes con períodos de seguimiento relativamente cortos. Además, la variabilidad entre estos estudios es alta. En los estudios iniciales surgieron inquietudes sobre el retraso en el vaciado gástrico que puede ocurrir después de este procedimiento, lo que debe evaluarse cuidadosamente.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Mateus Nunes Carvalho; Edvaldo Pereira de Moura Filho; Igor Matheus Oliveira Silva; Jose Fernandes Neto; Carlos Augusto Cavalcante de Vasconcelos; Raissa Pinheiro Nery; Raissa Martins de Oliveira Nunes; Ramodnil de Moura Santos; Luan Kelves Miranda de Souza
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Los autores que publican en esta revista concuerdan con los siguientes términos:
1) Los autores mantienen los derechos de autor y conceden a la revista el derecho de primera publicación, con el trabajo simultáneamente licenciado bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Attribution que permite el compartir el trabajo con reconocimiento de la autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
2) Los autores tienen autorización para asumir contratos adicionales por separado, para distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en esta revista (por ejemplo, publicar en repositorio institucional o como capítulo de libro), con reconocimiento de autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
3) Los autores tienen permiso y son estimulados a publicar y distribuir su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su página personal) a cualquier punto antes o durante el proceso editorial, ya que esto puede generar cambios productivos, así como aumentar el impacto y la cita del trabajo publicado.
