Embolização da artéria gástrica esquerda como alternativa para supressão de apetite e perda de peso em pacientes obesos: uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.11629Palavras-chave:
Cirurgia Bariátrica; Embolização Terapêutica; Grelina; Obesidade; Perda de peso.Resumo
A obesidade é caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal a um nível que compromete a saúde dos indivíduos e está associada ao desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas. O tratamento da obesidade consiste na modificação da dieta, instituição de atividade física e farmacoterapia seguida ou não de cirurgia bariátrica. Embora a cirurgia tenha mostrado resultados positivos em relação à perda de peso e reversão de comorbidades, o alto custo, a invasividade, o risco de mortalidade e a restrição da população capaz de realizar o procedimento, fomentam pesquisas por terapias alternativas. Desse modo, existe a embolização de ramos da artéria gástrica esquerda, a fim de promover a supressão do hormônio grelina, um procedimento endovascular para o tratamento da obesidade. O objetivo desta revisão da literatura é analisar os estudos pré-clínicos, clínicos e retrospectivos publicados para avaliar a segurança, eficácia, efeitos colaterais, níveis de grelina e a perda de excesso de peso alcançada após o acompanhamento durante um período. As publicações científicas foram pesquisadas nas bases de dados PubMed, Medline, CINHAL, Scopus, Cochrane e SCIELO de Fevereiro/1999 a Novembro/2020 e 15 estudos foram incluídos. Concluímos ser muito cedo para comparar a eficácia desta técnica com a cirurgia bariátrica, pois os relatórios atuais descrevem apenas a experiência com um número limitado de pacientes com períodos de acompanhamento relativamente curtos. Além disso, a variabilidade entre esses estudos é alta. Preocupações foram levantadas em estudos iniciais sobre o retardo do esvaziamento gástrico que pode ocorrer após esse procedimento, precisando ser avaliado criteriosamente.
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Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
