Nitazoxanida: aspectos generales, sistemas de liberación y potencial de reposicionamiento de la molécula
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11766Palabras clave:
Formulación; Antiparasitario; Farmacología; Nitazoxanida; Tizoxanida.Resumen
La nitazoxanida (NTZ) es un fármaco utilizado en el tratamiento de infecciones virales y parasitarias debido a su mecanismo de acción para activar los procesos de muerte celular. Sin embargo, tiene baja biodisponibilidad oral, lo que restringe su uso en terapia, por lo que son necesarios nuevos sistemas de administración para una mejor absorción in vivo. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa fue abordar aspectos relacionados con las características fisicoquímicas de la molécula de Nitazoxanida y su potencial de reposicionamiento. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos Pubmed, Lilacs y Science Direct, seleccionando artículos en inglés y portugués, cruzando los descriptores "Nitazoxanida", "caracterización" y "formulación" combinados. La evidencia científica describe al NTZ como una molécula de bajo peso molecular, mejor absorbida a pH ácido, que sufre desacetilación dando lugar a su metabolito activo, la tizoxanida. Los estudios reportan su aplicación frecuentemente en enfermedades por Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica y Cryptosporidium parvum, además de infecciones por protozoos, helmintos, bacterias gramnegativas y positivas y que tienen propiedades antivirales, estando relacionado con su reciente descubrimiento en COVID-19, incluso asociado con otras Drogas. Así, sistemas como liposomas, nanopartículas, microesferas, comprimidos de liberación controlada se han reportado como vehículos potenciadores en la liberación del fármaco, además de permitir la mejora en sus aspectos físico-químicos. Por tanto, NTZ representa una molécula con gran potencial de aplicación y reposicionamiento, cubriendo numerosas posibilidades.
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3) Los autores tienen permiso y son estimulados a publicar y distribuir su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su página personal) a cualquier punto antes o durante el proceso editorial, ya que esto puede generar cambios productivos, así como aumentar el impacto y la cita del trabajo publicado.
