Cuidados paliativos y Educación Médica: Revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11976

Palabras clave:

Educatión médica; Cuidados paliativos; Competencia clinical; Graduación.

Resumen

Introducción: Los cuidados paliativos (PC) se encuentran en la vida cotidiana de los servicios de salud, habida cuenta de la mayor carga de enfermedades crónicas, el envejecimiento y la incorporación tecnológica en la salud. Hay consenso sobre la importancia de la enseñanza en PC en los estudios de pregrado, sin embargo muchas escuelas no lo practican. Esta revisión tenía como objetivo sintetizar los conocimientos producidos en estudios científicos sobre la enseñanza de PC en la medicina de pregrado y su impacto en la formación médica. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de los estudios publicados en PubMed, con los descriptores: "educación médica" O "currículo";" paliativos" y "competencia clínica". Encontramos 89 artículos, 67 títulos y resúmenes fueron excluidos y se analizaron 22 artículos. Resultados: La lectura de los artículos dio lugar a tres categorías temáticas. En la primera categoría, se enumeran un enfoque biopsicosocial y espiritual, atención de persona y centrado en la familia, comunicación, trabajo interprofesional y manejo de síntomas como competencias esenciales. En el segundo, los desafíos y estrategias señalados fueron el escaso tiempo curricular en la enseñanza en PC, la falta de contexto clínico para el aprendizaje reflexivo, el déficit de los maestros preparados y su ausencia formal en los planes de estudio. El impacto de la enseñanza de CP en el aprendizaje de pregrado se refiere a ser un catalizador para el desarrollo profesional y proporcionar habilidades emocionales a los futuros médicos. Conclusión: Los estudios analizados demuestran los beneficios de la enseñanza en PC en la educación médica, a través de la educación longitudinal, ya que mejoran la adquisición de competencias esenciales en la práctica de la medicina y especialmente en el tratamiento de personas con enfermedades potencialmente mortales.

Citas

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Publicado

25/01/2021

Cómo citar

CASTRO, A. A. .; TAQUETTE, S. R. .; PEREIRA, C. A. R. . Cuidados paliativos y Educación Médica: Revisión sistemática. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 1, p. e50210111976, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11976. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/11976. Acesso em: 29 nov. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la educación