Cuáles son las enfermedades pulmonares en el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda causado por COVID-19? In estudio de revisión

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.12037

Palabras clave:

COVID-19; Betacoronavirus; Respiración artificial; Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria del adulto.

Resumen

A fines de 2019, un grupo de casos de neumonía asociados con un nuevo coronavirus de ARN envuelto, se extendió rápidamente por los continentes y se conoció como la pandemia global de COVID-19. Una parte más pequeña de la población no requerirá hospitalización, sin embargo, algunos pacientes pueden desarrollar una forma grave de la enfermedad y presentar complicaciones como un síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA) que requiere ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI). Los pacientes con SDRA por COVID-19 pueden presentar algunas características específicas en comparación con las formas típicas del síndrome, desarrollando fenotipos distintos que aún se han estudiado. La investigación se ha centrado en aclarar la ventilación pulmonar protectora (VLP) para estos pacientes. Esta revisión narrativa tuvo como objetivo investigar la experiencia mundial actual en relación con VLP como manejo del SDRA asociado con COVID-19 y resaltar las prácticas de IMV durante una pandemia. Después de un proceso de seguimiento de los estudios en las bases de datos PubMed y BVS, se seleccionaron 20 estudios. En la mayoría de los estudios, el manejo ventilatorio de los pacientes es similar al SDRA “clásico” y, por lo tanto, un VLP se destacó como un aliado importante en la regresión del SDRA en pacientes COVID-19. Sin embargo, se debe tener en cuenta la heterogeneidad fenotípica de los pacientes, especialmente en lo que respecta a la mecánica pulmonar y la capacidad de reclutamiento. Este estudio permitió profundizar científicamente las similitudes y diferencias del SDRA por COVID-19 y otras causas, además de permitir la formación de pautas sobre ajustes ventilatorios iniciales en pacientes con SDRA / COVID-19.

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Publicado

28/01/2021

Cómo citar

OLIVEIRA, M. I. da S. .; BRANDÃO, C. B. F. .; COSTA, K. V. da .; SILVA, J. P. dos S. .; FERNANDES, V. M. de S. .; BRITO, G. E. G. de .; ELIHIMAS JÚNIOR, U. F. .; FRANÇA, E. E. T. de . Cuáles son las enfermedades pulmonares en el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda causado por COVID-19? In estudio de revisión. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 1, p. e51110112037, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i1.12037. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/12037. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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Ciencias de la salud