Terapia de fotobiomodulación: mecanismo de acción e importancia clínica del tratamiento de la osteoartritis de rodilla
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.12072Palabras clave:
Artrosis; Láser; Rehabilitación; Rodilla.Resumen
La osteoartritis de rodilla (OAJ) es una de las enfermedades articulares degenerativas progresivas más comunes en todo el mundo y también una de las principales causas de discapacidad y daño a la calidad de vida. La terapia de fotobiomodulación (PBMT, de English Photobiomodulation Therapy) con láser de bajo nivel (LLLT, de English Low Level Laser Therapy) ha demostrado ser un tratamiento prometedor con buenos resultados para varias enfermedades crónicas, incluidos los cambios que afectan el sistema articular. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio es proporcionar, a través de una revisión narrativa, una comprensión de la evidencia actual disponible sobre el mecanismo de acción y la importancia clínica del láser PBMT en el tratamiento de la OAJ. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos bibliográficas de PubMed / MEDLINE, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Web of Science y SciELO. Según estudios revisados por pares, los datos de laboratorio en modelos animales experimentales y estudios clínicos muestran que el PBM es capaz de reducir la muerte de condrocitos, estimular la síntesis de componentes de la matriz extracelular (ECM), mitigar la liberación de mediadores inflamatorios y proteolíticos presentes en enfermedades articulares crónicas. Evitando así la degradación del tejido articular y periarticular. En consecuencia, clínicamente se puede observar una mejoría del dolor, la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida del individuo afectado con OAJ y tratado con láser PBMT. Así, podemos concluir que el láser PBMT puede ser un excelente coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la OAJ, ya que es un método no invasivo y además tiene costos relativamente bajos.
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