Producción de sustituto de grasa de la leche humana mediante interesterificación enzimática: una revisión

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13469

Palabras clave:

Lípido estructurado; Formula infantil; Triacilgliceroles (TAG).

Resumen

La leche materna se considera la principal fuente de nutrientes y energía para los bebés desde el punto de vista nutricional, inmunológico y de seguridad alimentaria. La mejor forma de asegurar el aporte de los nutrientes necesarios para el lactante es a través de la leche materna, sin embargo, cuando la práctica de la lactancia materna es imposible, el uso de Fórmula Infantil aparece como una alternativa para la alimentación del bebé. El proceso de interesterificación de mezclas entre grasas sólidas y aceites vegetales puede formar productos con excelentes características denominados lípidos estructurados, que pueden utilizarse como sustitutos de la grasa de la leche materna en fórmulas infantiles. La interesterificación enzimática ofrece la ventaja de un mayor control sobre la distribución posicional de los ácidos grasos en el producto final, debido a la selectividad y regioespecificidad de las lipasas en los ácidos grasos. Este trabajo reunió trabajos recientes sobre el sustituto de grasas para la producción de leche materna por enzima de interesterificación. A través de la búsqueda de referencias, se puede notar que varios grupos de investigadores en el mundo trabajan con pruebas para mejorar y ajustar la técnica de interesterificación y el uso de la mejor enzima para la producción de sustitutos a partir de diferentes fuentes naturales de aceites y grasas. Sin embargo, todavía no hay muchos registros de productos patentados. De esta manera, se deben desarrollar más investigaciones para llegar a un producto sustituto con las mejores características para que sea presentado a una patente.

Citas

Akoh, C. C. & Kim, B. H. (2008). Structured lipids. In: C. C. Akoh, D. B. Min, editors. Food lipids—Chemistry, nutrition, and biotechnology. (3a ed.), Boca Raton: CRC Press. 841– 864.

Brys, J., Flores, L. F. V., Gorska, A., Wirkowska-Wojdyla, M., Ostrowska-Ligeza, E. & Brys, A. (2017). Use of GC and PDSC methods to characterize human milk fat substitutes obtained from lard and milk thistle oil mixtures. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 130(1), 319.

Brys, J., 1 Flores, l. F. V., Górska, A., Ostrowska–Ligwza, E., Brys, A., Niemiec, T. & Koczon, P. (2019). The Synthesis Followed by Spectral and Calorimetric Evaluation of Stability of Human Milk Fat Substitutes Obtained from Thistle Milk and Lard. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry.

Cai, H., Yang, L., Zhao, M., Fu, G., Lai, J. & Feng, F. (2015) Immobilization, Regiospecificity Characterization and Application of Aspergillus oryzae Lipase in the Enzymatic Synthesis of the Structured Lipid 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-Palmitoylglycerol. PLoS One, 10(7).

Costa, A.G. V. & Sabarense, C. M. (2010). Modulação e composição de ácidos graxos do leite humano. Rev. Nutr., Campinas, 23(3), 445-457.

De Paula, A.V. Nunes, G.F.M., De Castro, H. F. & Santos, J. C. Dos. (2018). Performance of packed bed reactor on the enzymatic interesterification of milk fat with soybean oil to yield structure lipids. International Dairy Journal, 86. 1-8.

Djajasoepena, S., Suprijana, O., Saadah, D. R., Pratomo, U. & Puspitasari, S. (2015). Production of human milk Fat Replacement Rich of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoilglycerol From Enzymatic Interesterification Tripalmitin, Ethyl Oleate And Mixture of VCO, Soybean Oil And Fish Oil. Procedia chemistry, 16, 384-391.

Forsyth, S., Gautier, S., & Salem, N. (2017). A importância do DHA e ARA dietéticos no início da vida: Uma perspectiva de saúde pública. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 76.(4), 568-573.

Ghosh, M., Sengupta, A., Bhattacharyya, DK et al. (2016). Preparação de análogo da gordura do leite humano por reação de interesterificação enzimática utilizando estearina de palma e óleo de peixe. J Food Sci Technol, 53, 2017–2024.

He, Y., Qiu, C., Guo, Z., Huang, J., Wang, M. & Chen, B. (2017). Production of new human milk fat substitutes by enzymatic acidolysis of microalgae oils from Nannochloropsis oculata and Isochrysis galbana. Bioresource technology, 238,129-138.

He, Y., Li J., Guo, Z. & Chen, B. (2018). Synthesis of novel medium- -long-medium type structured lipids from microalgae oil via two-step enzymatic reactions. Process Biochem, 68, 108.

Kim, B.& Akoh, C. (2015). Recent Research Trends on the Enzymatic Synthesis of Structured Lipids. Journal Of Food Science, 80(8), C1713-C1724.

Korma, S.A., Zou, X., Ali A.H., Abed, S.M., Jin, Q. & Wang, X. (2018). Preparation of structured lipids enriched with medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols by enzymatic interesterification for infant formula. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 107,121-130.

Kotani, K., Yamamoto, Y. & Hara, S.K. (2015). Enzymatic Preparation of Human Milk Fat Substitutes and Their Oxidation Stability. Journal of Oleo Science, 64(3), 275.

Kus, M. M. M., Silva, S. A. da, Aued-Pimentel S. & Mancini-Filho, J. (2011). Nutrition facts of infant formulas sold in São Paulo state: assessment of fat and fatty acid contents. Rev. Nutr., Campinas, 24(2), 209-218.

Lee, N., Oh, S., Kwon, D. & Yoon, S. (2015). Production of 1, 3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl glycerol as a human milk fat substitute using enzymatic interesterification of natural fats and oils. Food Science and Biotechnology, 24(2), 433-437.

Nejrup, R. G. & Licht, T. R. (2017). Hellgren L.I. Fatty acid composition and phospholipid types used in infant formulas modifies the establishment of human gut bacteria in germ-free mice. Sci Rep. 7.

Pereira, A.S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. UFSM. https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/Lic_Computacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf?sequence=1.

Silva, R. C. da & Gioielli, L. A. (2009). Lipídios estruturados: alternativa para a produção de sucedâneos da gordura do leite humano. Quim. Nova, 32 (5), 1253-1261.

Silva, R. C. da & Gioielli, L. A. (2006). Propriedades físicas de lipídios estruturados obtidos a partir de banha e óleo de soja. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 42(2).

Silva, R. C., Soares, F. A. S.de M., Hazzan, M., Capacla, I. R., Gonçalves, M. I. A. & Gioielli, L. A. (2012). Continuous enzymatic interesterification of lard and soybean oil blend: Effects of different flow rates on physical properties and acyl migration. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 76, 23-28.

Soumanou, M. M., Périgon, M. & Villeneuve, E. P. (2013). Lipase‐catalyzed interesterification reactions for human milk fat substitutes production: A review. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 15, 270-285.

Tecelão, C., Perrier, V., Dubreucq, E. & Ferreira‐Dias, S. (2019). Production of Human Milk Fat Substitutes by Interesterification of Tripalmitin with Ethyl Oleate Catalyzed by Candida parapsilosis Lipase/Acyltransferase. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 96 (7), 777-787.

Zhao, J. F., Lin, J. P., Yang, L. R. & Wu, M. B. (2019). Enhanced Performance of Rhizopus oryzae Lipase by Reasonable Immobilization on Magnetic Nanoparticles and Its Application in Synthesis 1,3-Diacyglycerol. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 188 (3), 677-689.

Wang, J., Liu X., Wang, XD, Dong, T., Zhao, Xing-Yu, Zhu, D., Mei, Yi-Yuan, & Wu, Guo-Hua. (2016). Selective synthesis of human milk fat-style structured triglycerides from microalgal oil in a microfluidic reactor packed with immobilized lipase. Bioresource Technology, 220, 132-141.

Wang, Z., Du, W., Dai, L. & Liu, D. (2016). Study on lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed esterification of oleic acid and glycerol for 1,3-diolein preparation. J MolCatal, B Enzym.127,11–17.

Wang, Z., Liu, L., Liu, L., Liu, T., Li, C. & Sun, L. (2019). 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol-rich triacylglycerol characterization by three processing methods. International Journal of Food Properties, 22(1),1156–1171.

Wei, W., Jin, Q. & Wang, X. (2019). Human milk fat substitutes: Past achievements and current trends Progress. Lipid Research, 74, 69-86.

Wei, W., Fengy, Y., Zhang, X., Cao, X. & Feng, F. (2015). Synthesis of structured lipid 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol in both solvent and solvent-free system. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 60(2), 1187-1194.

Yuan, T., Wei, W., Wang, X. & Jin, Q. (2020). Biosynthesis of structured lipids enriched with medium and long-chain triacylglycerols for human milk fat substitute. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + [ie und] Technologie.128.

Yuan, T., Zhang, H., Wang, X., Yu, R., Zhou, Q., Wei, W., Wang, X. & Jin, Q. Triacylglycerol containing medium-chain fatty acid s (MCFA-TAG): The gap between human milk and infant formulas. International Dairy Journal. 99.

Zheng, M., Wang, S., Xiang, X., Shi, J., Huang, J., Deng, Q., Huang, F. & Xiao, J. (2017). Facile preparation of magnetic carbon nanotubes-immobilized lipase for highly efficient synthesis of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol-rich human milk fat substitutes. Food chemistry, 228,.476-483.

Zou, X., Jin, Q., Guo, Z., Xu, X. & Wang, X. (2016). Preparation and Characterization of Human Milk Fat Substitutes Based on Triacylglycerol Profiles. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' So

Publicado

19/03/2021

Cómo citar

FERREIRA, G. C. A.; SILVA, J. M. da; SILVA, G. A. R. da .; PONHOZI, I. B. .; CASTRO, M. C. de; SOUZA, P. M. de .; CRUZ, V. H. M. da .; SANTOS JUNIOR, O. de O. . Producción de sustituto de grasa de la leche humana mediante interesterificación enzimática: una revisión. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 3, p. e36210313469, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13469. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/13469. Acesso em: 7 jul. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias Exactas y de la Tierra