Efectos adversos del tratamiento con inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina en el feto y neonatales de madres con depresión gestacional: Una revisión crítica

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13937

Palabras clave:

Antidepresivos; ISRS; Riesgos; Depresión gestacional; Tratamiento.

Resumen

La depresión es uno de los trastornos psiquiátricos más comunes, dada la alta incidencia en esta década, existe una mayor prevalencia de ocurrencia en mujeres, entre las que destaca el trastorno depresivo mayor en el embarazo. Cuando se hace el diagnóstico, el tratamiento es según el nivel de la enfermedad, cuando es de moderada a grave, se inicia el tratamiento farmacológico con antidepresivos. Entre ellos, los más recetados son los inhibidores selectivos de la recepción de serotonina (ISRS), que se han convertido en fármacos de primera elección porque son más seguros que los demás. Sin embargo, el tratamiento con ISRS durante el embarazo ha implicado varios efectos indeseables en fetos y recién nacidos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos adversos en el feto / recién nacidos de mujeres embarazadas deprimidas que se sometieron a terapia con fármacos ISRS. Este estudio se caracterizó en una revisión crítica, utilizando las bases de datos de Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus y Web of Science, en la que se incluyeron 35 artículos. Después de un análisis cuidadoso de los estudios, se encontró que la terapia con ISRS en la depresión gestacional aumenta los riesgos en el feto y los recién nacidos de defectos congénitos, tales como: malformación cardíaca, abstinencia neonatal, hipertensión pulmonar persistente y posible asociación con el trastorno del espectro autista. Por tanto, con base en la evidencia científica, el protocolo de fármacos ISRS genera efectos nocivos en el niño, sin embargo, el uso de antidepresivos durante el embarazo suele ser inevitable. Así, en situaciones en las que pueda ser necesario utilizar ISRS, la decisión de dicha conducta terapéutica debe evaluarse analizando los riesgos de depresión no tratada y la relación riesgo / beneficio del uso de medicamentos.

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Publicado

01/04/2021

Cómo citar

NUNES, T. P.; NUNES, L. P. .; SILVA , A. N. A. .; PIROVANI, B. O. .; MORÁBITO , M. J. S. D. .; DE MORAIS, L. A.; GRUBA, A. S. .; NUNES , G. P. . Efectos adversos del tratamiento con inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina en el feto y neonatales de madres con depresión gestacional: Una revisión crítica. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 4, p. e11210413937, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13937. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/13937. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud