Limitaciones para el cultivo de soja tolerante al déficit hídrico en la región Semiárida del Noreste
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13980Palabras clave:
Cambio climático; Producción en zonas áridas; Seguridad alimentaria.Resumen
La soja es un cultivo de gran expresividad mundial y Brasil es actualmente el mayor productor y exportador de este cultivo, con potencial territorial para la expansión de su cultivo. A la vista de las previsiones de las principales instituciones gubernamentales (cambio climático, aumento de la población y escasez de recursos hídricos), garantizar la seguridad alimentaria de una población creciente requerirá estrategias y mejoras destinadas a aumentar la productividad. El objetivo fue identificar los atributos del ambiente y de las plantas de soja que las hacen tolerantes al déficit hídrico y que permiten aumentar la producción en ambientes semiáridos del nordeste de Brasil. Teniendo en cuenta que la mayoría de los grandes países productores de soja están compuestos en su mayoría por territorios áridos y semiáridos, y debido a los cambios climáticos actuales, existe una fuerte tendencia a que nuevas zonas se conviertan en áridas y semiáridas. Las soluciones para afrontar el estrés por déficit hídrico impuesto a la soja en ambientes áridos y semiáridos deben estar relacionadas con mejoras fisiológicas, morfológicas y genéticas que ayuden a afrontar este estrés. El aumento de las raíces, la mayor eficiencia en la fijación del nitrógeno, el control de la conductancia estomática y el uso eficiente del agua por parte de la planta son algunos de los retos a los que debe responder la ingeniería genética para desarrollar una variedad de soja tolerante al déficit hídrico. Deberían realizarse más estudios para encontrar respuestas capaces de solucionar el déficit hídrico en la soja.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Jeandson Silva Viana; Cleyton Tenório Barros; João Paulo Goes da Silva Borges; Maria Beatrice Gueiros Silva; Edilma Pereira Gonçalves; Mácio Farias de Moura
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