Respuesta enzimática de Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) expuesto al agua de ríos urbanos y rurales en Bahía, Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15638Palabras clave:
Catalase; Glutatión S-transferase; Camarón; Ecotoxicología; Bioindicador.Resumen
Varias enzimas biomarcadores, como la catalase (CAT) y la glutatión S-transferase (GST), pueden usarse para medir el estrés oxidativo en animales causado por la exposición a xenobióticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar diferentes puntos de los ríos Capivari (CP1 y CP2), Paraguaçu (PG1 y PG2) y Subaé (SB1 y SB2), ubicados en el estado de Bahía, en relación a la presencia de xenobióticos, utilizando CAT y GST como bioindicadores en M. jelskii. Los puntos de muestreo de agua se consideraron urbanos o rurales y en todos se observaron signos de degradación ambiental. Para ello, se realizaron pruebas de exposición aguda (96h), con muestras de agua recolectadas durante la época seca y lluviosa. Los resultados mostraron que la actividad de CAT y GST en camarones expuestos al agua de CP1 y CP2 fueron muy similares, mientras que los expuestos al agua de PG1, PG2, SB1 y SB2 formaron distintos grupos de datos. Hubo un aumento significativo en la actividad de al menos una de las enzimas analizadas en los sitios de muestreo, en comparación con los animales del grupo de control. Esto demostró un posible estrés oxidativo en M. jelskii, causado por la presencia de xenobióticos en el agua (e.g., aguas residuales domésticas, pesticidas, aceite y metales pesados). Las actividades enzimáticas fueron mayores en los animales de los experimentos realizados en época de lluvias, a excepción de la actividad CAT de los animales expuestos al agua del río Subaé. Este estudio demostró el potencial de M. jelskii como bioindicador y contribuyó al conocimiento de aspectos del sistema de defensa antioxidante de esta especie.
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