Enzymatic response of Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) exposed to water from urban and rural rivers in Bahia, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15638Palavras-chave:
Catalase; Glutadiona S-transferase; Camarão; Ecotoxicologia; Bioindicador.Resumo
Várias enzimas biomarcadoras, como a catalase (CAT) e a glutationa S-transferase (GST), podem ser usadas para medir o estresse oxidativo em animais causado pela exposição a xenobióticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar diferentes pontos dos rios Capivari (CP1 e CP2), Paraguaçu (PG1 e PG2) e Subaé (SB1 e SB2), localizados no estado da Bahia, em relação à presença de xenobióticos, utilizando CAT e GST como bioindicadores em M. jelskii. Os pontos de amostragem de água foram considerados urbanos ou rurais e em todos eles foram observados sinais de degradação ambiental. Para tanto, foram realizados testes de exposição aguda (96h), com amostras de água coletadas durante as estações seca e chuvosa. Os resultados mostraram que a atividade de CAT e GST em camarões expostos à água de CP1 e CP2 foram muito semelhantes, enquanto aqueles expostos à água de PG1, PG2, SB1 e SB2 formaram grupos de dados distintos. Observou-se aumento significativo da atividade de pelo menos uma das enzimas analisadas nos locais de amostragem, quando comparada aos animais do grupo controle. Isso demonstrou um possível estresse oxidativo em M. jelskii, causado pela presença de xenobióticos na água (e.g., esgoto doméstico, pesticidas, óleo e metais pesados). As atividades enzimáticas foram maiores nos animais dos experimentos realizados no período chuvoso, exceto para a atividade da CAT dos animais expostos à água do Rio Subaé. Este estudo demonstrou o potencial de M. jelskii como bioindicador e contribuiu para o conhecimento de aspectos do sistema de defesa antioxidante dessa espécie.
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