Agentes emulsionantes aplicados a la estabilización de emulsiones o/w con el fin de mejorar el transporte de petróleos pesados a través de las tuberías: Un estudio bibliométrico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16786Palabras clave:
Petróleos pesados; Emulsión de petróleo-en-agua; Estabilidad; Transporte por tubería.Resumen
La creciente demanda de energía asociada a la progresiva disminución de las reservas de petróleo convencional (extraligero, ligero y medio) ha estimulado la exploración de yacimientos de petróleos pesados y extrapesados. Sin embargo, debido a varias características intrínsecas de estos aceites, explorarlos, transportarlos y refinarlos aún son desafíos por superar. Así, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo presentar una revisión bibliométrica sobre los principales agentes emulsionantes que se han utilizado en la estabilización de emulsiones de aceite pesado en agua (O/W), con el fin de mejorar el flujo de estos aceites en condiciones superficiales (flujo en tubería). La búsqueda se realizó utilizando las plataformas Science Direct, One Petro y Web of Science, insertando las siguientes palabras clave: Heavy crude oil; Oil-in-water emulsion; Stability; Pipeline transportation. El lapso de tiempo se limitó a 10 años (2011-2020) y, posteriormente, se aplicaron los criterios de inclusión / exclusión, con el fin de afinar la búsqueda. Como resultado, se obtuvo un total de 18 artículos científicos. Entre los países que mostraron mayor interés en el tema, se pueden destacar India, Noruega, México, China, Estados Unidos e Irán. En relación a los emulsionantes más utilizados en la estabilización de emulsiones O/W, tensioactivos y partículas sólidos fueron los más citado. Aunque los tensioactivos no iónicos se han identificado como los más eficientes, aún se necesitan estudios más detallados para comprender lo mecanismo de acción de estos agentes, así como para evaluar la capacidad de estos compuestos para estabilizar emulsiones O/W en condiciones de flujo superficial.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Fabiana Fassina de Siqueira; Ana Paula Meneguelo; Jesuina Cássia Santiago de Araújo
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