Agentes emulsificantes aplicados à estabilização de emulsões o/a com intuito de melhorar o transporte de óleos pesados através das tubulações: Um estudo bibliométrico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16786Palavras-chave:
Óleo cru pesado; Emulsão óleo-em-água; Estabilidade; Transporte por tubulações.Resumo
A crescente demanda de energia associada ao declínio progressivo das reservas de óleos convencionais (óleo extraleves, leves e médios) têm estimulado a exploração de campos de óleos pesados e extra-pesados. Porém, por conta de diversas características intrínsecas destes óleos, explorá-los, transportá-los e refiná-los ainda são desafios a serem vencidos. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar uma revisão bibliométrica sobre os principais agentes emulsificantes que vêm sendo empregados na estabilização de emulsões de óleo pesado em água (O/A), com fins de melhorar o escoamento desses óleos nas condições de superfície (fluxo em tubulações). A busca foi realizada utilizando as plataformas Science Direct, One Petro e Web of Science, inserindo as seguintes palavras-chaves: Heavy crude oil; Oil-in-water emulsion; Stability; Pipeline transportation. A abrangência temporal foi limitada em 10 anos (2011-2020) e, na sequência, os critérios de inclusão/exclusão foram aplicados, de modo a refinar a busca. Como resultado foi obtido um total de 18 artigos científicos. Dentre os países que apresentaram maior interesse no tema, podemos destacar a Índia, a Noruega, o México, a China, os Estados Unidos e o Irã. Em relação aos emulsificantes mais empregados na estabilização de emulsões O/A os surfactantes e as partículas sólidas foram os mais citados. Embora os surfactantes não iônicos tenham sido apontados como os mais eficientes, ainda são necessários estudos mais detalhados para entender o mecanismo de atuação destes agentes, bem como avaliar a capacidade destes compostos de estabilizar emulsões O/A em condições de escoamento em superfície.
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