Actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de una mezcla de aceites vegetales de anacardo y ricino y aceites esenciales de clavo, eugenol, timol y vainillina contra bacterias ruminales Gram negativas y Gram positivas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.16900Palabras clave:
Encapsular compuestos; Inhibición del crecimiento; Aditivos naturales; Ambiente ruminal; Modulación ruminal.Resumen
La preocupación pública por el uso rutinario de antibióticos e ionóforos en las dietas de rumiantes ha aumentado debido a la aparición de bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos que pueden representar riesgos para la salud humana. Por lo tanto, se han realizado esfuerzos para el desarrollo de compuestos alternativos para reemplazar los antibióticos y los ionóforos en la dieta de los rumiantes. Este estudio se llevó a cabo para investigar los efectos in vitro de una mezcla que contiene aceites vegetales de anacardo y ricino y aceites esenciales de clavo, eugenol, timol y vainillina sobre la actividad de bacterias ruminales Gram negativas y Gram positivas. Los experimentos se diseñaron para que cada bacteria fuera expuesta a dosis de 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 y 6.0 mg/mL de la mezcla, con seis repeticiones. Las bacterias se cultivaron en el medio M2 de Hobson en tubos Hungate. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó usando un espectrofotómetro a 600 nm. Las lecturas se realizaron 0, 8, 12 y 24 horas después de la inoculación a 39º C. Las cuatro concentraciones (1,5, 3,0, 4,5 y 6,0 mg/mL) de la mezcla de aceites vegetales y esenciales inhibieron el crecimiento de Prevotella albensis, Prevotella bryantii, Prevotella ruminicola y Anaerovibrio lipolyticus a las 8 y 12 horas después de la incubación. Para Ruminococcus albus y Ruminococcus flavefaciens la adición de la mezcla de EO de concentraciones de 3.0 y 4.5 mg/mL resultó en un mayor impacto en la dinámica de crecimiento, con una reducción de la densidad óptica luego de 12 h de incubación. Los hallazgos de esta investigación establecen que la acción combinada de los aceites vegetales y esenciales influye en el crecimiento de bacterias gramnegativas y grampositivas y puede utilizarse como modulador del rumen. El estudio aporta nueva información sobre la acción combinada de los aceites vegetales y esenciales como agentes antimicrobianos en la producción de rumiantes.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Aylle Medeiros Matos; Mariana Garcia Ornaghi; Venício Macêdo Carvalho; Vicente Alfonso Diaz Avila; Edinéia Bonin; Ricardo de Araújo Castilho; Anderson Valdiney Gomes Ramos; Debora Cristina Baldoqui; Rodolpho Martin do Prado; Ivanor Nunes do Prado
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