Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de uma combinação de óleos vegetais de caju e mamona e de óleos essenciais de cravo, eugenol, timol e vanilina contra bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram-positivas no rúmen de bovinos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.16900Palavras-chave:
Compostos encapsulados; Inibição do crescimento; Aditivos naturais; Ambiente ruminal; Modulação ruminal.Resumo
A preocupação pública com o uso rotineiro de antibióticos e ionóforos na dieta de ruminantes aumentou devido ao surgimento de bactérias resistentes aos antibióticos que podem representar riscos à saúde humana. Assim, esforços têm sido empregados para o desenvolvimento de compostos alternativos para substituir antibióticos e ionóforos na dieta de ruminantes. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar os efeitos in vitro de uma mistura contendo óleos vegetais de caju e mamona e óleos essenciais de cravo-da-índia, eugenol, timol e vanilina sobre a atividade das bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram-positivas presentes no rúmen. O experimento foi elaborado de forma que cada bactéria fosse exposta às doses de 1,5, 3, 5 e 6,0 mg/mL da mistura, com seis repetições. As bactérias foram cultivadas em meio M2 de Hobson em tubos Hungate. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada em espectrofotômetro a 600 nm. As leituras foram realizadas 0, 8, 12 e 24 horas após a inoculação a 39º C. As quatro concentrações (1,5, 3,0, 4,5 e 6,0 mg/mL) da mistura de óleos vegetais e essenciais inibiram o crescimento da Prevotella albensis, Prevotella bryantii, Prevotella ruminicola e Anaerovibrio lipolyticus 8 e 12 horas após a incubação. Para Ruminococcus albus e Ruminococcus flavefaciens a adição da mistura de óleos essenciais nas concentrações de 3,0 e 4,5 mg/mL resultou em maior impacto na dinâmica de crescimento, com redução na densidade óptica após 12 h de incubação. Em conclusão, os resultados mostram que a ação combinada dos óleos vegetais e essenciais influencia o crescimento de bactérias gram-negativas e gram-positivas e pode ser usado como um modulador ruminal. Deste modo, o estudo contribui com novas informações sobre a ação combinada dos óleos vegetais e essenciais como agentes antimicrobianos na produção de ruminantes.
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