Técnicas de identificación y medios de cultivo para el crecimiento de Bacillus thuringiensis utilizados para el control de mosquitos vectores: Mini revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16916Palabras clave:
Entomopatógeno; Insecticida; Crecimiento bacterial; Control biológico.Resumen
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) es una bacteria de interés mundial, debido a su alta toxicidad para una amplia gama de insectos vectores de patógenos para humanos y plagas agrícolas. La acción insecticida de Bt se confiere por la presencia de cristales de proteínas, que actúan como toxinas. Se realizan varios estudios para seleccionar cepas de Bt de diferentes ecosistemas con acción mosquitocida para insectos vectores. Se observa que el suelo es el sustrato más utilizado para el aislamiento de Bt, encontrándose ampliamente en la naturaleza, predominantemente en forma de esporas. La búsqueda de nuevas cepas de Bt en diferentes regiones del mundo tiene como objetivo la obtención de nuevas toxinas con acción insecticida, que puedan ser utilizadas en la producción de bioplaguicidas. Para el cultivo de las cepas se utilizan medios de agar nutritivo o NYSM. Los medios de cultivo tienen una amplia variedad de nutrientes, ricos en carbono, nitrógeno y sales minerales, que se utilizan para inducir el crecimiento de microorganismos. Por ello, varios estudios buscan mejorar estos medios para el crecimiento de Bt, utilizando medios alternativos eficaces y económicos, el control de mosquitos vectores.
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