La microbiota del suelo sobre la tolerancia a enfermedades en plantas: Una revisión

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17161

Palabras clave:

Micorrizas; Microorganismos del suelo; Resistencia sistémica inducida; Rizobios

Resumen

Las Interacciones entre las plantas y la microbiota de la rizosfera son uno de los principales determinantes de la sanidad de las plantas y la fertilidad del suelo. La microbiota es compleja y comprende numerosos microorganismos, incluidas las micorrizas arbusculares y los rizobios, que son de gran importancia para la sanidad y la productividad de las plantas. El objetivo de esta revisión fue caracterizar las relaciones simbióticas micorrízicas y las bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno y sus relaciones con la tolerancia a enfermedades de las plantas. Mediante una revisión cualitativa de la literatura, se recopiló información sobre los efectos de la microbiota en la tolerancia a las enfermedades de las plantas. Según la literatura, las micorrizas arbusculares simbiosis, en condiciones de limitación de fósforo, influyen en el desarrollo de la comunidad vegetal, la absorción de nutrientes, las relaciones hídricas y la productividad. Las micorrizas también actúan como bioprotectores frente a estreses abióticos y bióticos, además de activar los mecanismos de defensa de la planta con resistencia inducida. Los rizobios pueden considerarse agentes de biocontrol, contribuyendo a la sanidad de las plantas a través de la inhibición directa de una amplia gama de fitopatógenos, por ejemplo como se observa por el mecanismo de resistencia sistémica inducida, por la simbiosis que estimula la síntesis de metabolitos que actúan para proteger las raíces frente a fitopatógenos mediante antibiosis y liberación de exudados. Se concluye que ambas simbiosis contribuyen a prácticas de cultivo más sustentables, para incrementar la producción y reducir la incidencia de fitopatógenos.

Citas

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Publicado

11/07/2021

Cómo citar

VILA, V. V. e .; REZENDE, R. .; MALDONADO-SILVA, L. H.; NOCCHI, R. C. de F. .; ANDREAN, A. F. B.; WENNECK, G. S. .; TERASSI, D. de S. .; MATUMOTO-PINTRO, P. T. La microbiota del suelo sobre la tolerancia a enfermedades en plantas: Una revisión. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 8, p. e25910817161, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17161. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/17161. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias Agrarias y Biológicas