Microbiota do solo na tolerância de doenças em plantas: Uma revisão

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17161

Palavras-chave:

Micorrizas; Micro-organismos do solo; Resistência sistêmica induzida; Rizóbios

Resumo

Interações entre a planta e a microbiota na rizosfera são um dos principais fatores determinantes da sanidade das plantas e da fertilidade do solo. A microbiota é complexa, compreendem numerosos micro-organismos, dentre eles, as micorrizas arbusculares e os rizóbios são de grande importância para a sanidade e produtividade vegetal. O objetivo desta revisão foi caracterizar as relações simbióticas micorrízicas e das bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio e suas relações com a tolerância de doenças em planta. Através de revisão de literatura de caráter qualitativo, foi reunido informações sobre os efeitos da microbiota na tolerância de doenças em plantas. Segundo a literatura revisada, as micorrizas arbusculares que são simbioses microbianas, quando se encontram sob condições de limitação de fósforo, influenciam o desenvolvimento da comunidade vegetal, a absorção de nutrientes, as relações hídricas e a produtividade. As micorrizas também atuam como bioprotetores contra os estresses abióticos e bióticos, além da ativação dos mecanismos de defesa da planta com a resistência induzida. Rizóbios também podem ser considerados agentes de biocontrole, contribuindo para sanidade das plantas por meio da inibição direta de uma ampla gama de fitopatógenos, por exemplo como observado pelo mecanismo de resistência sistêmica induzida. A simbiose estimula a síntese de metabólitos que atuam protegendo as raízes contra fitopatógenos por meio de antibiose e liberação de exsudatos. Conclui-se que ambas simbioses contribuem para práticas de cultivo mais sustentáveis, para o aumento da produção e redução da incidência de fitopatógenos.

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Publicado

11/07/2021

Como Citar

VILA, V. V. e .; REZENDE, R. .; MALDONADO-SILVA, L. H.; NOCCHI, R. C. de F. .; ANDREAN, A. F. B.; WENNECK, G. S. .; TERASSI, D. de S. .; MATUMOTO-PINTRO, P. T. Microbiota do solo na tolerância de doenças em plantas: Uma revisão. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 8, p. e25910817161, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17161. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/17161. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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Seção

Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas