Análise de proteínas salivares de corredores de rua após evento esportivo real
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18183Keywords:
Mass Spectrometry; Exercise; Proteomics; Saliva.Abstract
The aim was to characterize acute exercise-induced changes in salivary proteins of street runners. Saliva samples from 12 adult male athletes were collected before and immediately after a street race. Two groups were formed based on the distance covered, 5 km (n=4) and 10 km (n=8). Samples were subjected to depletion of amylase, albumin and immunoglobulin G. Then they were concentrated, digested and analyzed by nano-UPLC-tandem nano-ESI-MSE. A total of 69 proteins were identified. Significant changes were observed in the expression of 15 proteins in the 5 km group and 13 proteins in the 10 km group. Among the proteins with altered expression, only 7 had already been described in the literature in similar models (Alpha-Amylase 1, Lactoperoxidase, Alpha Skeletal Muscle Actin, Cystatin-B, Cystatin- SN, Cystatin- SA and Androgen-regulated Protein 3B in the submaxillary gland). This study has shown that street running induces acute changes in the salivary proteome. The results obtained add to the limited data available in the literature in the search for a better understanding of the acute effects of exercise.
References
Alexandrova, A., Petrov, L., Zaekov, N., Bozhkov, B., & Zsheliaskova-Koynova, Z. (2017). Nutritional status in short-term overtraining boxers. Acta Scientifica Naturalis, 4(1), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1515/asn-2017-0012
Aslam B., Basit M., Nisar M. A., Khurshid M., & Rasool M. H. (2017). Proteomics: Technologies and Their Applications. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 55(2), 182-196. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmw167
Bongiovanni T., Pintus R., Dessì A., Noto A., Sardo S., Finco G., Corsello G., & Fanos V. (2019). Sportomics: metabolomics applied to sports. The new revolution? European Review for medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 23(24), 11011-11019. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201912_19807
Bourdon, P. C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M. C., Gabbett, T. J., Coutts, A. J., Burgess, D. J., Gregson, W., & Cable, N. T. (2017). Monitoring Athlete Training Loads: Consensus Statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(s2), S2-161. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0208
Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72(1–2), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
Cadegiani, F. A., & Kater, C. E. (2017). Hormonal aspects of overtraining syndrome: a systematic review. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-017-0079-8
Dencker, M., Tanha, T., Karlsson, M. K., Wollmer, P., Andersen, L. B., & Thorsson, O. (2017). Cystatin B, cathepsin L and D related to surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease in children. PLOS ONE, 12(11), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187494
Deutsch, O., Fleissig, Y., Zaks, B., Krief, G., Aframian, D. J., & Palmon, A. (2008). An approach to remove alpha amylase for proteomic analysis of low abundance biomarkers in human saliva. ELECTROPHORESIS, 29(20), 4150–4157. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.200800207
Franco-Martínez, L., González-Hernández, J. M., Horvatić, A., Guillemin, N., Cerón, J. J., Martínez-Subiela, S., Sentandreu, M. Á., Brkljačić, M., Mrljak, V., Tvarijonaviciute, A., & Jiménez Reyes, P. (2020). Differences on salivary proteome at rest and in response to an acute exercise in men and women: A pilot study. Journal of Proteomics, 214, 103629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103629
Garcia, L., Osti, R., Ribeiro, E., & Florindo, A. (2013). Validação de dois questionários para a avaliação da atividade física em adultos. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde, 18(3), 317–331. https://doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.v.18n3p317
Gonçalves, L. D. R., Campanhon, I. B., Domingues, R. R., Paes Leme, A. F., & Soares da Silva, M. R. (2014). Comparative Salivary Proteome of Hepatitis B- and C-Infected Patients. PLoS ONE, 9(11), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113683
Hespanhol Junior, L. C., Pillay, J. D., van Mechelen, W., & Verhagen, E. (2015). Meta-Analyses of the Effects of Habitual Running on Indices of Health in Physically Inactive Adults. Sports Medicine, 45(10), 1455–1468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0359-y
Ihalainen, J. K., Schumann, M., Häkkinen, K., & Mero, A. A. (2016). Mucosal immunity and upper respiratory tract symptoms in recreational endurance runners. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(1), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0242
Koffler, J., Holzinger, D., Sanhueza, G. A., Flechtenmacher, C., Zaoui, K., Lahrmann, B., Grabe, N., Plinkert, P. K., & Hess, J. (2013). Submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3A expression is an unfavorable risk factor for the survival of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients after surgery. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 270(4), 1493–1500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-012-2201-6
Koibuichi, E. R. I., & Suzuki, Y. O. S. H. I. O. (2014). Exercise upregulates salivary amylase in humans (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 7(4), 773–777. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1497
Li, C.-Y, Hsu, G.-S, Suzuki, K., Ko, M.-H, & Fang, S.-H. (2015). Salivary Immuno Factors, Cortisol and Testosterone Responses in Athletes of a Competitive 5,000m Race. The Chinese Journal of Physiology, 58(4), 263–269. https://doi.org/10.4077/cjp.2015.bae367
Ligtenberg, A. J. M., Brand, H. S., van den Keijbus, P. A. M., & Veerman, E. C. I. (2015). The effect of physical exercise on salivary secretion of MUC5B, amylase and lysozyme. Archives of Oral Biology, 60(11), 1639–1644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.07.012
Lindsay, A., & Costello, J. T. (2016). Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine. Sports Medicine, 47(1), 11–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0558-1
Liu, Y., & Yao, J. (2019). Research progress of cystatin SN in cancer. OncoTargets and Therapy, Volume 12, 3411–3419. https://doi.org/10.2147/ott.s194332
Ma, Y., Chen, Y., & Petersen, I. (2017). Expression and epigenetic regulation of cystatin B in lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Pathology - Research and Practice, 213(12), 1568–1574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2017.06.007
Magacz, M., Kędziora, K., Sapa, J., & Krzyściak, W. (2019). The Significance of Lactoperoxidase System in Oral Health: Application and Efficacy in Oral Hygiene Products. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(6), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061443
Maher, K., Jerič Kokelj, B., Butinar, M., Mikhaylov, G., Manček-Keber, M., Stoka, V., Vasiljeva, O., Turk, B., Grigoryev, S. A., & Kopitar-Jerala, N. š. (2014). A Role for Stefin B (Cystatin B) in Inflammation and Endotoxemia. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 289(46), 31736–31750. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m114.609396
Manconi, B., Liori, B., Cabras, T., Vincenzoni, F., Iavarone, F., Castagnola, M., Messana, I., & Olianas, A. (2017). Salivary Cystatins: Exploring New Post-Translational Modifications and Polymorphisms by Top-Down High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Proteome Research, 16(11), 4196–4207. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00567
Martinez Amat, A., Marchal Corrales, J. A., Rodriguez Serrano, F., Boulaiz, H., Prados Salazar, J. C., Hita Contreras, F., Caba Perez, O., Carrillo Delgado, E., Martin, I., & Aranega Jimenez, A. (2007). Role of alpha-actin in muscle damage of injured athletes in comparison with traditional markers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(7), 442–446. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.032730
Martini, D., Gallo, A., Vella, S., Sernissi, F., Cecchettini, A., Luciano, N., Polizzi, E., Conaldi, P. G., Mosca, M., & Baldini, C. (2017). Cystatin S—a candidate biomarker for severity of submandibular gland involvement in Sjögren’s syndrome. Rheumatology, 56(6), 1031–1038. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kew501
Nater, U. M., & Rohleder, N. (2009). Salivary alpha-amylase as a non-invasive biomarker for the sympathetic nervous system: Current state of research. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(4), 486–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.01.014
Ngounou Wetie, A. G., Wormwood, K. L., Russell, S., Ryan, J. P., Darie, C. C., & Woods, A. G. (2015). A Pilot Proteomic Analysis of Salivary Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Research, 8(3), 338–350. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1450
Nieman, D. C., Lila, M. A., & Gillitt, N. D. (2019). Immunometabolism: A Multi-Omics Approach to Interpreting the Influence of Exercise and Diet on the Immune System. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 10(1), 341–363. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121316
Niemelä, M., Kangastupa, P., Niemelä, O., Bloigu, R., & Juvonen, T. (2016). Acute Changes in Inflammatory Biomarker Levels in Recreational Runners Participating in a Marathon or Half-Marathon. Sports Medicine - Open, 2(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-016-0045-0
Palacios, G., Pedro-Chamizo, R., Palacios, N., Maroto-Sánchez, B., Aznar, S., González-Gross, M., & EXERNET Study Group. (2015). Biomarkers of physical activity and exercise. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 31(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.sup3.8771
Peake, J. M., Neubauer, O., Walsh, N. P., & Simpson, R. J. (2017). Recovery of the immune system after exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(5), 1077–1087. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00622.2016
Peng, H. T., Savage, E., Vartanian, O., Smith, S., Rhind, S. G., Tenn, C., & Bjamason, S. (2016). Performance Evaluation of a Salivary Amylase Biosensor for Stress Assessment in Military Field Research. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 30(3), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.21840
Pollard, T. D. (2016). What We Know and Do Not Know About Actin. The Actin Cytoskeleton, 235, 331–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2016_44
Powers, S. K., Radak, Z., & Ji, L. L. (2016). Exercise-induced oxidative stress: past, present and future. The Journal of Physiology, 594(18), 5081–5092. https://doi.org/10.1113/jp270646
Prado E., Souza G. H. M. F., Pegurier M., Vieira C., Lima-Neto A. B. M., Assis M., Guedes M. I. F.,
Koblitz M. G. B., Ferreira M. S. L., Macedo A. F., Bottino A., Bassini A., Cameron L. C. (2017). Non-targeted sportomics analyses by mass spectrometry to understand exercise-induced metabolic stress in soccer players. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 418, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2017.02.002
Rohleder, N., & Nater, U. M. (2009). Determinants of salivary α-amylase in humans and methodological considerations. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(4), 469–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.12.004
Sarr, D., Tóth, E., Gingerich, A., & Rada, B. (2018). Antimicrobial actions of dual oxidases and lactoperoxidase. Journal of Microbiology, 56(6), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7545-1
Stattin, K., Lind, L., Elmståhl, S., Wolk, A., Lemming, E. W., Melhus, H., Michaëlsson, K., & Byberg, L. (2019). Physical activity is associated with a large number of cardiovascular-specific proteins: Cross-sectional analyses in two independent cohorts. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 26(17), 1865–1873. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319868033
Techatanawat, S., Surarit, R., Chairatvit, K., Roytrakul, S., Khovidhunkit, W., Thanakun, S., Izumi, Y., & Khovidhunkit, S.-P. (2019). Salivary and serum cystatin SA levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or diabetic nephropathy. Archives of Oral Biology, 104, 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.020
Tékus, É., Váczi, M., Horváth-Szalai, Z., Ludány, A., Kőszegi, T., & Wilhelm, M. (2017). Plasma Actin, Gelsolin and Orosomucoid Levels after Eccentric Exercise. Journal of Human Kinetics, 56(1), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0027
Tong, Y., Tar, M., Melman, A., & Davies, K. (2008). The opiorphin gene (ProL1) and its homologues function in erectile physiology. BJU International, 102(6), 736–740. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.07631.x
Tuso, P. (2015). Strategies to Increase Physical Activity. The Permanente Journal, 19(4), 84–88. https://doi.org/10.7812/tpp/14-242
Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2016). Reflections on Physical Activity and Health: What Should We Recommend? Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 32(4), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2016.01.024
Whitfield, G. P., Pettee Gabriel, K. K., Rahbar, M. H., & Kohl, H. W. (2014). Application of the American Heart Association/American College of Sports Medicine Adult Preparticipation Screening Checklist to a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults Aged ≥40 Years From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2004. Circulation, 129(10), 1113–1120. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.113.004160
Wisner, A., Dufour, E., Messaoudi, M., Nejdi, A., Marcel, A., Ungeheuer, M.-N., & Rougeot, C. (2006). Human Opiorphin, a natural antinociceptive modulator of opioid-dependent pathways. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(47), 17979–17984. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605865103
World Health Organization. (2017). WHO steps surveillance manual. WHO. https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/STEPS_Manual.pdf?ua=1
Yamaguchi, M., Deguchi, M., Wakasugi, J., Ono, S., Takai, N., Higashi, T., & Mizuno, Y. (2006). Hand-held monitor of sympathetic nervous system using salivary amylase activity and its validation by driver fatigue assessment. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 21(7), 1007–1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2005.03.014
Zauber, H., Mosler, S., Heßberg, A., & Schulze, W. X. (2012). Dynamics of salivary proteins and metabolites during extreme endurance sports - a case study. Proteomics, 12(13), 2221–2235. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.20110022
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Cícero Matheus Lima Amaral; Iago Almeida da Ponte; Géssica de Souza Martins; Daniel Freire Lima; Abelardo Barbosa Moreira Lima Neto; Ana Cristina Monteiro Moreira; Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
