Películas biodegradables y agentes de refuerzo vegetales: Un enfoque en estudios brasileños desde la perspectiva de la economía circular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.18278Palabras clave:
Residuos agroindustriales; Biovaluación; Películas biodegradables; Envasado activo; Economía circular; Sustentabilidad.Resumen
El antropoceno es la era geológica actual, en la que se están produciendo profundos cambios ambientales en el planeta bajo la influencia de las actividades humanas. Entre otros aspectos, algunos que corroboran este escenario son el sistema de producción de alimentos, incluyendo el impacto de las pérdidas de alimentos y la generación de residuos agroindustriales, así como el consumo y disposición de plásticos a gran escala, con especial atención a los materiales con un ciclo de vida corto, como el envasado de alimentos. Como resultado, existe una demanda creciente de envases de origen renovable que sean biodegradables y que contribuyan a agregar valor y minimizar la pérdida de alimentos, aumentando su vida útil y valor funcional. Una alternativa que se ha explorado para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas, térmicas y de barrera de las películas es el uso de nanopartículas que, debido a la escala nanométrica, proporcionan a las películas características mejoradas, como mayor resistencia a la tracción y módulo de elasticidad y menor permeabilidad al vapor de agua en comparación con películas biodegradables sin nanorefuerzo. También se pueden producir nanopartículas a partir de residuos agroindustriales, como cáscaras de plátano, mandioca, maíz, orujo de uva, semillas de mango y residuos de anacardo. Así, esta revisión tiene como objetivo contribuir al área de conocimiento sobre la valorización de vegetales y sus residuos a través del desarrollo de películas y empaques de alimentos más sostenibles, con mayor enfoque en estudios producidos por instituciones brasileñas utilizando materias primas nacionales.
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