Filmes biodegradáveis e agentes de reforço vegetais: Um enfoque em estudos brasileiros sob a ótica da economia circular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.18278Palavras-chave:
Resíduos agroindustriais; Biovalorização; Filmes biodegradáveis; Embalagem ativa; Economia circular; Sustentabilidade.Resumo
Antropoceno é a era geológica atual, na qual profundas mudanças ambientais no planeta estão ocorrendo por influência das atividades humanas. Dentre outros aspectos, alguns que corroboram para este cenário são o sistema de produção de alimentos, incluindo o impacto das perdas de alimentos e a geração de resíduos agroindustriais, bem como o consumo e o descarte de plásticos em larga escala, com especial atenção aos materiais com um ciclo de vida curto, a exemplo das embalagens de alimentos. Como consequência, percebe-se uma demanda crescente por embalagens de fontes renováveis e biodegradáveis e, que dessa forma, contribuam para agregar valor e minimizar a perda de alimentos, aumentando sua vida útil e seu valor funcional. Uma alternativa que vem sendo explorada para melhorar as propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e de barreira de filmes é o uso de nanopartículas que, devido a escala nanométrica, fornecem aos filmes características aprimoradas, como maior tensão na ruptura e módulo de elasticidade e menor permeabilidade ao vapor de água quando comparado com filmes biodegradáveis sem o nanoreforço. As nanopartículas podem também ser produzidas a partir de resíduos agroindustriais, como cascas de banana, mandioca, milho, bagaço de uva, semente de manga e resíduos de caju. Assim, esta revisão tem como objetivo discutir criticamente o atual estado da arte e as tendências futuras sobre valorização de vegetais e seus resíduos por meio do desenvolvimento de filmes e embalagens de alimentos mais sustentáveis, com maior enfoque em estudos produzidos por Universidades e outras instituições de pesquisa brasileiras usando matéria-prima nacional.
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