Exposición a pesticidas y cánceres del Sistema digestivo: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19163Palabras clave:
Insecticidas; Neoplasias Gastrointestinales; Neoplasias Colorrectales; Exposición a Plaguicidas; Agroquímicos.Resumen
Los pesticidas son sustancias frecuentemente descritas como iniciadoras carcinogénicas para algunas neoplasias, como linfohematopoeticas y mamárias. Cuanto al cáncer del sistema digestivo, esa relación aún es poco explorada y exige mayor búsqueda de evidencias. Se realizó uma revisión sistemática com metaanálisis sobre la asociación entre pesticidas y cánceres del sistema digestivo en la base de datos PUBMED. De los 567 artículos encontrados, 32 fueron aprobados para el análisis cualitativo e siete, para la metaanálisis. Hexaclorobenzeno e DDT estaban asociados significativamente al cáncer colorrectal (MD: 15.92; CI: 6.45; 25.40) en el análisis de datos contínuos y presentaron asociación limítrofe en el análisis de datos binários (OR: 1.17; CI: 0.93; 1.47). La familia de los ciclodienos presentó resultados semejantes en ambos análisis. Los bifenil policlorinados con bajas dosis también presentaron asociación al cáncer colorrectal (MD: 38.95; CI: 12.78; 65.11). Los organofosforados (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.29; 0.98), carbamatos (OR: 0.96; CI: 0.77; 1.21) y triazinas (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.74; 1.13) presentaron resultados inconclusivos. Esta revisión presenta evidencias positivas de la asociación de pesticidas al cáncer colorrectal. Sin embargo, más evidencias son requeridas para determinar el papel de los pesticidas en el desarrollo de otros cánceres del sistema digestivo.
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