Uso de microalgas en nutrición animal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.22986Palabras clave:
Ácido eicosapentaenoico; Ácido docosahexaenoico; Salud general; Sustentabilidad.Resumen
En la búsqueda de fuentes alternativas en la nutrición animal, se comenzaron a explorar las microalgas, ganando terreno en la producción comercial. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar la información disponible sobre el uso de microalgas en la nutrición animal, así como su efecto y aplicación. Muchas microalgas son fuentes importantes de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga (AGCL), principalmente ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA). Estos AGCL son mal sintetizados por los animales, por lo que deben incluirse en la dieta diaria. Además, son una rica fuente de casi todos los minerales fundamentales, también de ser abundantes en vitaminas. Adicionalmente, algunas microalgas suelen tener un alto contenido de proteínas, además de una alta digestibilidad. En este contexto, las microalgas ya disponibles en el mercado, se convierten en una alternativa a la sustitución de ingredientes convencionales. Hasta donde sabemos, el uso de pequeñas cantidades de biomasa de microalgas en la alimentación puede beneficiar la fisiología de los animales, mejorando la respuesta inmune, la resistencia a enfermedades, la acción antiviral y antibacteriana, la función intestinal y estimulando la colonización prebiótica. En general, la adición de estos compuestos a las dietas de los animales mejora la salud general y el estado inmunológico, la productividad y la calidad y estabilidad de los productos animales resultantes. Aunque el uso de microalgas está cada vez más dirigido a diferentes tipos de animales: gatos, perros, peces ornamentales, caballos, aves de corral, cerdos, ovejas y vacas, aún quedan por explorar estudios.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Camilla Mariane Menezes Souza; Taís Silvino Bastos; Marley Conceição dos Santos
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