Lesión Hepática Inducida por Fármacos en Pacientes Hospitalizados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.23236Palabras clave:
Enfermedad Hepatica Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas; Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos; Pacientes; Hospitales.Resumen
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura para identificar los fármacos que más causan daño hepático inducido por fármacos (DILI - que proviene del inglés Drug Induced Liver Injury) en pacientes hospitalizados. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura mediante una búsqueda sistemática de artículos sobre DILI en pacientes hospitalizados. Esta investigación siguió la recomendación PRISMA-P (Elementos principales para informar revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis) y se realizaron búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Lilacs. Resultados: Inicialmente se identificaron un total de 454 artículos y luego de revisar el texto completo se seleccionaron 27 artículos. Todos los artículos seleccionados consideraron alto el valor de la enzima hepática alanina aminotransferasa para la caracterización de DILI. Se han identificado informes de una amplia variedad de medicamentos como posibles causas de DILI en pacientes hospitalizados. Conclusión: Los reportes de fármacos asociados a DILI, según la clasificación ATC, fueron: 85% (23) de fármacos del grupo J, 37% (10) del grupo M (10), 33,3% (9) del grupo N y 33,3% (9) del grupo C. El grupo J, que incluye fármacos antiinfecciosos, tuvo el mayor número de notificaciones, con 47,8% (11) de antibióticos, 47,8% (11) de antituberculosos y 34,7% (8) de antifúngicos. De estos, se destacaron los Betalactámicos, especialmente Amoxicilina-Clavulanto, Rifampicina, Isoniazida, Pirazinamida y Fluconazol.
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