Injúria Hepática Induzida por Medicamentos em Pacientes Hospitalizados

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.23236

Palavras-chave:

Injúria hepática induzida por medicamentos; Reações adversas associadas a medicamentos; Pacientes hospitalizados; Hospital.

Resumo

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão da literatura para identificar quais os medicamentos que mais causam injúria hepática induzida por medicamentos (DILI – que vem do inglês Drug Induced Liver Injury) em pacientes hospitlalizados. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura por meio de busca sistemática de artigos sobre DILI em  pacientes hospitalizados. Esta pesquisa seguiu a recomendação PRISMA-P (Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta- Análises) e foram pesquisadas as seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Lilacs. Resultados: Inicialmente foi identificado um total de 454 artigos e após revisão do texto completo, foram selecionados 27 artigos. Todos os artigos selecionados consideraram o valor da enzima hepática alanina aminotransferase elevado para a caracterização da DILI. Foi identificado relatos de uma grande variedade de medicamentos, como prováveis causas de DILI,  em pacientes hospitalizados. Conclusão:  Os relatos de medicamentos associados a DILI, de acordo com a classificação ATC, foram: 85% (23) de fármacos do grupo J,  37% (10) do grupo M, 33,3% (9) do grupo N, e 33,3% (9) do grupo C. O grupo J, que abrange fármacos anti-infecciosos, foi o que teve maior número de relatos, sendo 47,8% (11) de antibióticos, 47,8% (11) de antituberculostáticos e 34,7 % (8) de antifúngicos. Destes, destacaram -se os Beta-lactâmicos, em especial a Amoxacilina-Clavulanto, Rifampicina, Isoniazida, Pirazinamida e Fluconazol.

Referências

Ali, N., Gupta, N., & Saravu, K. (2020). Malnutrition as an important risk factor for drug-induced liver injury in patients on anti-tubercular therapy: an experience from a tertiary care center in South India. Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, 14(3), 135-138. https://doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2020.03029

Andrade, R. J., Lucena, M. I, Fernandez, M. C., Pelaez, G., Pachkoria, K., García-Ruiz, E., García–Munõz, B., González–Grande, R., Pizzaro, A., Durán, J. A., Jiménez, M., Rodrigo, L., Romero–Gomez, M., Navarro, J. M., Planas, R., Costa, J., Borras, A., Soler, A., Salmerón, J., & Martin–Vivaldi, R. (2005) Drug-induced liver injury: an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period. Gastroenterology, 129, 512-521.

Bagheri, H., Michel, F., Lapeyre-Mestre, M., Lagier, E., Cambus, J. P., Valdiguie, P., & Montastruc, J. L. (2000). Detection and incidence of drug-induced liver injuries in hospital: a prospective analysis from laboratory signals. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 50(5), 479-484. http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00282x

Bessone, F., Hernandez, N., Mendizabal, M., Sanchez, A., Paraná, R., Arrese, M., Tagle, M., Girala, M., Lizarzabal, M., Carrera, E., Brahm, J., Contreras, F., Mendez-Sanchez, N., Santos, G., Nunes, V., Medina-Caliz, I., Parra-Martinez, C., Sanz-Villanueva, L., Lucena, M. I., & Andrade, R. J. (2019). When the Creation of a Consortium Provides Useful Answers: Experience of The Latin American DILI Network (LATINDILIN). Clinical Liver Disease, 13(2), 51-57.

Becker, M. W., Lunardelli, M. J. M., Tovo C. V., & Blatt, C. R. (2019). Drug and herb-induced liver injury: A critical review of Brazilian cases with proposals for the improvement of causality assessment using RUCAM. Annals of Hepatology, 18(5), 742-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aohep.2019.03.010

Björnsson, E, & Olsson, R. (2005). Outcome and prognostic markers in severe drug-induced liver disease. Hepatology, 42, 481-489.

Björnsson, E. (2010). Review article: drug-induced liver injury in clinical practice. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 32(3), 3-13.

Björnsson, E. S., Bergmann, O. M., Björnsson, H. K., Kvaran, R. B., & Olafsson, S. (2013). Incidence, presentation, and outcomes in patients with drug-induced liver injury in the general population of Iceland. Gastroenterology, 144(7), 1419-1425. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.02.006

Björnsson, E. S. (2016). Hepatotoxicity by Drugs: The Most Common Implicated Agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17(2), 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17020224

Bohm, N., Makowski, C., Machado, M., Davie, A., Seabrook, N., Wheless, L, Bevill, B., Clark, B., & Kyle, T. G. (2014). Case Report and Cohort Analysis of Drug-Induced Liver Injury Associated with Daptomycin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 58(8), 4902-4903.

Chalasani, N., Fontana, R. J., Bonkovsky, H. L, Watkins, P. B., Davern, T., Serrano, J., Yang, H., Rochon, J., & for the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). (2008). Causes, Clinical Features, and Outcomes From a Prospective Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in the United States. Gastroenterology, 135(6), 1924–1934.

Chalasani, N., Bonkovsky, H. L., Fontana, R., Lee, W., Stolz, A, Talwalkar, J., Reddy, K. R., Watkins, P. B., Navarro, V., Barnhart, H., Gu, J. & Serrano, J. (2015). Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: the DILIN Prospective Study. Gastroenterology, 148, 1340-1352.

Coca, N. S. M., Oliveira, M. S., Voieta, I, Antunes, C. M. de F., & Lambertucci, J. R. (2010). Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a comparison between patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 43(6), 624-628.

Cano-Paniagua, A., Amariles, P, Ângulo, N., & Restrepo-Garaya, M. (2019). Epidemiology of drug-induced liver injury in a University Hospital from Colombia: Updated RUCAM being used for prospective causality assessment. Annals of Hepatology, 18, 501-507.

Chalco-Aguate, M., Sáenz-Anduaga, E., Oré-Mora, M., Quiñones-Velarde, J., Chanco-Ramírez, G., & Anco-Gallegos, K. (2014). Falla terapéutica y hepatotoxicidad de los esquemas de tratamiento endovenoso e intramuscular con estibogluconato de sodio en pacientes con leishmaniasis cutánea. Dermatol Peru, 24(3), 153-158.

Chalasani, N, Bonkovsky, H.L., Fontana, R., Lee W, Stolz, A, Talwalkar, J., Reddy, K. R., Watkins, P. B., Navarro, V., Barnhar, H., Gu, J., & Serrano, J. (2015). Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: the DILIN prospective study. Gastroenterology, 148(7), 1340-1352. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2015.03.006

Chitturi S., & Farrell G.C. (2011). Drug-induced liver disease. In: E. R. Schiff, W. C. Maddrey, & M. F. Sorrell, Schiff's Diseases of the Liver (11th Edition), 703-783. USA: Wiley.

Danan, G., & Benichou, C. (1993). Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs—I. A novel method based on the conclusions of international consensus meetings: Application to drug-induced liver injuries. J. Clin. Epidemiol., 46(11), 1323–1330.

Danan, G., & Teschke, R. (2016). RUCAM in Drug and Herb Induced Liver Injury: The Update. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17010014

Danan, G, & Teschke, R. (2019). Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method for Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Present and Future. Front. Pharmacol., 10, 853. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00853

De Valle, M. B., Klinteberg, V., Alem, N., Olsson, R., & Björnsson, E. (2006). Drug-induced liver injury in a Swedish University hospital outpatient hepatology clinic. Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 24, 1187-1195.

Douros, A., Bronder, E., Andersohn, F., Klimpel, A., Thomae, M., Sarganas, G., Kreutz, R., & Garbe, E. (2014). Drug-induced liver injury: results from the hospital-based Berlin Case–Control Surveillance Study. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 79(6), 988-999.

El Kahi, C., Martinet, V., Praet, J. P., & Pepersack, T. (2018). Un cas rare d’hépatotoxicité en gériatrie. Revue médicale de Bruxelles, 39(3),164-165.

Fang, W. C., Adler, N. R., Graudins, L. V., Goldblatt, C., Goh, M. S. Y., Roberts, S. K., Trubiano, J. A., & Aung, A. K. (2018). Drug-induced liver injury is frequently associated with severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions: experience from two Australian tertiary hospitals. Internal Medicine Journal, 48(5), 549-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.13734

Fischer, M. A., Winkelmayer, W. C., Rubin, R. H., & Avorn, J. (2005). The Hepatotoxicity of Antifungal Medications in Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 41, 301-307.

Friedrich, M-E., Akimova, E., Huf, W., Konstantinidis, A., Papageorgiou, K., Winkler, D, Toto, S., Greil, W., Grohmann, R., & Kasper, S. (2016). Drug-Induced Liver Injury during Antidepressant Treatment: Results of AMSP, a Drug Surveillance Program. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 19(4), 1-9. http:// doi:10.1093//injp/pyv126

Fontana, R. J., Hayashi, P. H., Gu, J., Reddy, K. R., Barnhart, H, Watkins, P. B., Serrano, J., Lee, W. M., Chalasani, N., Stolz, A., Davern, T., & Talwakar, J. A. (2014). Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality within 6 months from onset. Gastroenterology, 147(1), 96-108. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2014.03.045

Fontana, R. J. (2014). Pathogenesis of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury and clinical perspectives. Gastroenterology, 146, 914-928.

Galvão, C. M. (2006). Níveis de evidência [editorial]. Acta Paul Enferm, 19(2).

Ganger, D. R., Rule, J., Rakela, J., Bass, N., Reuben, A., Stravitz, R. T., Sussman, N., Larson, A. M., James, Laura, Chiu, Charles, & Lee, W. M. (2018). Acute liver failure of indeterminate etiology: a comprehensive systematic approach by an expert committee to establish causality. Am J Gastroenterol., 113(9), 1319.

García-Cortés, M., Stephens, C., Lucena, M. I., Fernández-Castañer, A., & Andrade, R. J. (2011). Causality assessment methods in drug induced liver injury: strengths and weaknesses. J Hepatol., 55, 683-691.

Goldkind, L, & Laine, L. (2006). A systematic review of NSAIDs withdrawn from the market due to hepatotoxicity: lessons learned from the bromfenac experience. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 15, 213-220.

Gearhart, M. O. (1994). Worsening of Liver Function with Fluconazole and Review of azole antifungal Hepatotoxicity. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 28, 1177-1181.

Hanatani, T., Sai1, K., Tohkin, M., Segawa, K., Kimura, M., Hori, K., Kawakami, J., & Saito, Y. (2014). A detection algorithm for drug‐induced liver injury in medical information databases using the Japanese diagnostic scale and its comparison with the council for international organizations of medical sciences/the roussel uclaf causality assessment method scale. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 23 (9), 984-988.

Hernandez, N., Bessone, F., Sanchez, A., Di Pace, M., Brahm, J., Zapata, R., Chirino, R. A., Dávalos, M., Méndez-Sánchez, N., Arrese, M., Schinoni, M. Lucena, M. I., & Andrade, R. J. (2014). Profile of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury in Latin America: an analysis of published reports. Ann Hepatol., 13, 231-239.

Isa, S. E., Ebonyi, A. O., Shehu, N. Y., Idoko, P., Anejo-Okopi, J. A., Simji, G., Odesanya, R. U., Abah, I. O., & Jimoh, H. O. (2016). Antituberculosis drugs and hepatotoxicity among hospitalized patients in Jos, Nigeria. International Journal of Mycobacteriology, 5(1), 21-26. http://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.10.001

Jee, A., Sernoskie, S. C., & Uetrecht, J. (2021). Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Mechanistic and Clinical Challenges. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22, 2954.

Kyriakidis, I., Tragiannidis , A., Munchen, S., & Groll, A. H.(2017). Clinical hepatotoxicity associated with antifungal agentes. Expert Opin Drug Saf., 16 (2), 149-165.

Kullak-Ublick, G. A., Andrade, R. J., Merz, M., End, P., Benesic, A., Gerbes, A. L., & Aithal, G. P. (2017). Drug-induced liver injury: recent advances in diagnosis and risk assessment. Gut, 66(6), 1154-1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313369

Larrey, D. (2002). Epidemiology and individual susceptibility to adverse drug reactions affecting the liver. Semin Liver Dis., 22, 145-155.

Lee, W. M. (2013). Drug-induced acute liver failure. Clin Liver Dis, 17(4), 575-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2013.07.001

Lee, T., Lee, Y. S., Yoon, S-Y., Kim, S., Bae, Y-J., Kwon, H-S., Cho, Y., S., Moon, H-B., & Kim, T-B. (2013). Characteristics of liver injury in drug-induced systemic hypersensitivity reactions. J Am Acad Dermatol, 69(3), 407-15. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2013.03.024

Lima, M. F. S., & Melo, H. R. L. (2012). Hepatotoxicity induced by antituberculosis drugs among patients coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 28(4), 698-708.

Maria, V. A., & Victorino, R. M. (1997). Development and validation of a clinical scale for the diagnosis of drug‐induced hepatitis. Hepatology, 26(3), 664-669.

Mendes, K. D. S., Silveira, R. C. C. P., & Galvão, C. M. (2008). Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, 17(4), 758-764.

Meier, Y., Cavallaro, M., Roos, M., Pauli-Magnus, C., Folkers, G., Meier, P. J., & Fattinger, K. (2005). Incidence of drug-i‘nduced liver injury in medical inpatients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 61, 135–143.

Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group. (2019). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. Epidemiol. PLOS Medicine, 6(7): e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097

Montero, A. R., Durán Quintana, J. A., Jiménez Sáenz, M., & Abadín Delgado, J. A. (2005). A strategy to improve the detection of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 97(3), 155-160.

Ozick. L.A., Jacob, L., Comer, G. M., Lee, T. P., Ben-Zvi, J. Donelson, S. S., & Felton, C. P. (1995). Hepatotoxicity from Isoniazid and Rifampin in Inner-City AIDS Patients. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 90(11), 1978-80.

Ostapowicz G., Fontana, R. J., Schiodt, F. V., Larson, A., Davern, T. J., Han, S. H. B., McCashland, T. M., Shakil, A. O., Hay, J. E., Hynan, L., Crippin, J. S., Blei, A. T., Samuel, G., Reisch, J., & Lee, W. M. (2002). Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med., 137(12), 947-54. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00007

Pereira, A. S., Shitsuka, D. M., Parreira, F. J. & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. [e-book]. Santa Maria. Ed. UAB/NTE/UFSM. https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/Lic_Computacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf?sequence=1

Saloojee, A., Skinner, D. L., Loots, E., Hardcastle, T. C., & Muckart, D. J. J. (2017). Hepatic dysfunction: A common occurrence in severely injured patients. Injury Int. J. Care Injured, 48(1), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2016.08.017

Santos, C. M. C., Pimenta, C. A. M., & Nobre, M. R. C. (2007). The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search. Revista Latino- Americana de Enfermagem, 15(3), 508-511. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007000300023

Santos, G., Figueira, E. R. R., D’Albuquerque, L. A. C., Lisboa, P. B., Almeida, M. D., Filgueira, N. A., Boinf, I., Porta, G., Alves da Silva, R. de C. M., Vianai, C. F. G., Fariaj, L. C., Alvares-da-Silva, M. R., Pereira de Moraes, A. C., Morsoletto, D. B. G., Codes, L., & Paraná, R. (2021). Evaluation of drug-induced liver injury as etiology for acute liver failure in Brazil. Annals of Hepatology, 23, 100310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100310

Schaberg, T., Rebhan, K., & Lode, H. (1996). Risk factors for side-effects of isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide in patients hospitalized for pulmonary tuberculosis. Eur Respir J, 9, 2026–2030.

Schneeweiss, S., Carver, P. L., Datta, K., Galar, A., Johnson, M. D., Johnson, M. G., Marty, F. M., Nagel, J., Najdzinowicz, M., Saul, M., Shoham, S., Silveira, F. P., Varughese, C. A., Wilck, M., Weatherby, L., Auton, T., & Walker, A. M. (2016). Short-term risk of liver and renal injury in hospitalized patients using micafungin: a multicentre cohort study. J Antimicrob Chemother, 71(10), 2938-44.

Sgro, C., Clinard, F., Ouazir, K., Chanay, H., Allard, C. Guilleminet, C., Lenoir, C., Lemoine, A., & Hillon, P. (2002). Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: a French population-based study. Hepatology, 36(2), 451-455. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2002.34857

Shang, P., Xia, Y., Liu, F., Wang, X., Yuan, Y., Hu, D., Tu, D., Chen, Y., Deng, P., Cheng, S., Zhou, L., Ma, Y., Zhu, L., Gao, W., Wang, H., Chen, D., Yang, L., He, P., Wu, S., Tang, S., Lv, X., Shu, Z., Zhang, Y., Yang, Z., Chen, Y., Li, N., Sun, F., Li, X., He, Y., Garner, P., & Zhan, S. (2011). Incidence, clinical features and impact on antituberculosis treatment of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI) in China. PLOS One, 6, e21836.

Shen, T., Liu, Y., Shang, J., Xie, Q., Li, J., Yan M, Xu, J., Niu, J., Liu, J., Watkins, P. B., Aithal, G. P., Andrade, R. J., Dou, X., Yao, L., Lv, F., Wang, Q., Li, Y., Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., Zong, P., Wan, B., Zou, Z.., Yang, D., Nie, Y., Li, D., Wang, Y., Han, X., Zhuang, H., Mao, Y., & Chen, C. (2019). Incidence and etiology of drug-induced liver injury in Mainland China. Gastroenterology, 156(8), 2230-2241. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.02.002

Sideri, G, Falagas, M. E., Grigoriou, M., Vouloumanou, E. K., Papadatos, J. H., Lebessi, E., & Kafetzis, D. A. (2012). Liposomal amphotericin B in critically ill paediatric patients. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 37, 291–295.

Sousa, L. M. M. de, Marques-Vieira, C. M., Severino, S. S. P., & Antunes, A. V. (2017). A metodologia da revisão integrativa da literatura em enfermagem. Revista Investigação em Enfermagem, 21, 17-26.

Souza, M. T., Silva, M. D., & Carvalho, R. (2010). Revisão integrativa: o que é e como fazer. Einstein (São Paulo), 8(1), 102-106.

Tang, S. W., Lv, X. Z., Zhang, Y., Wu, S. S., Yang, Z. R., Xia, Y. Y., Tu, D. H., Deng. P. Y., Ma, Y., Chen, D. F., & Zhan, F. Y. (2012). CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphism and susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a nested case-control study. J Clin Pharm Ther.,37, 588–593.

Tan, E. H., Low, E. X. S., Dan, Y. Y., & Tai, B. C. (2018). Systematic review and meta-analysis of algorithms used to identify drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in health record databases. Liver International, 38, 742-753.

Teschke, R., & Andrade, R. J. (2016). Drug, Herb, and Dietary Supplement Hepatotoxicity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17(9), 1488.

Teschke, R. (2018). Review. Top-ranking drugs out of 3312 drug-induced liver injury cases evaluated by the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method. Exp. Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 14, 1169–1187. http://doi.org/10.1080/17425255.2018.1539077

Teschke, R. (2019), Idiosyncratic DILI: Analysis of 46,266 cases assessed for causality by RUCAM and published from 2014 to early 2019. Front. Pharmacol., 10, 730.

Teschke, R., & Danan, G. (2020). Worldwide Use of RUCAM for Causality Assessment in 81,856 Idiosyncratic DILI and 14,029 HILI Cases Published 1993–Mid 2020: A Comprehensive Analysis. Medicines, 7, 62.

Vekeman, F., Weiss, L., Aram, J., Ionescu-Ittu, R., Moosavi, S., Xiao, Y., Cheng, W. Y., Bhak, R. H., Tawadrous, M., Capparella, M. R., Montravers, P., & Duh, M. S. (2018). Retrospective cohort study comparing the risk of severe hepatotoxicity in hospitalized patients treated with echinocandins for invasive candidiasis in the presence of confounding by indication. BMC Infectious Diseases, 18:438.

Wang, R., Qi, X., Yoshida, E.M., Mendez-Sanchez, N., Teschke, R., Sun, M., Liu, X., Su, C., Deng, J., & Deng, H. (2018). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of traditional Chinese medicine-induced liver injury: A systematic review. Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 12, 425–434.

Wang, S., Shangguan, Y., Ding, C., Li, P., Ji, Z., Shao, J., Fang, H., Yang, M., Shi. P., Wu, J., Ren, J., Yang, S., Yuan, J., Shi, Y., Li, J., Li, L., & Xu, K. (2018). Risk factors for acute liver failure among inpatients with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury. Journal of International Medical Research, 48(1), 1–10. http://doi.org/10.1177/0300060518811512

Whittemore, R., & Knafl, K. (2005). The integrative review: updated methodology. J Adv Nurs, 52(5), 546-53.

Worland, T., Chin, K. L., Rodrigues, B., & Nicoll1, A. (2020). A retrospective case-controlled cohort study of inpatient drug induced liver injury: the RIDDLE study. Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 5(33), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tgh.2019.10.15

World Health Organization. (2020-12-17). ATC/DDD Index 2021. Retirado https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/

Woo, H. J., Kimb, H. Y., Choi, E. S., Cho, Y-H., Kima, Y., Lee, J-H., & Jang, E. (2015). Drug-induced liver injury: A 2-year retrospective study of 1169 hospitalized patients in a single medical center. Phytomedicine, 22(13), 1201-1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.002

Xu, H-M., Chen, Y., Xu, J., & Zhou, Q. (2012). Drug-induced liver injury in hospitalized patients with notably elevated alanine aminotransferase. World J Gastroenterol. 18(41), 5972-5978. http://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i41.5972

Yang, H.; Guo, D.; Xu, Y.; Zhu, M.; Yao, C.; Chen, C.; & Jia, W. (2019). Comparison of Different Liver Test Thresholds for Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Updated RUCAM versus Other Methods. Front. Pharmacol. 10, 816.

Downloads

Publicado

07/12/2021

Como Citar

GONÇALVES, S. T. .; LOURO, E.; PEDROSO, R. B.; SOARES, A. L. P. P. de P.; CUMAN, R. K. N. . Injúria Hepática Induzida por Medicamentos em Pacientes Hospitalizados . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 16, p. e70101623236, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i16.23236. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/23236. Acesso em: 25 nov. 2024.

Edição

v. 10 n. 16

Seção

Ciências da Saúde

Licença

Copyright (c) 2021 Simone Tomás Gonçalves; Estela Louro; Raíssa Bocchi Pedroso; Ana Luiza Pelissari Pessanha de Paula Soares; Roberto Kenji Nakamura Cuman

Creative Commons License
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:

1) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.

2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.

3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.