Los efectos tóxicos del antirretroviral nevirapina y de um fármaco a base de nevirapina para los organismos acuáticos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25014Palabras clave:
Toxicidad acuática; Seguridad ambiental; Ecotoxicidad; Micro contaminantes.Resumen
La toxicidad acuática de los ingredientes farmacéuticos activos (API) y los fármacos está poco explorada en la literatura. La nevirapina (NVP) es un inhibidor de la transcriptasa inversa antirretroviral no nucleósido. Este estudio evaluó la toxicidad acuática de este API solo y como un fármaco basado en NVP. Para ello, se analizaron los efectos sobre la viabilidad de los organismos acuáticos Chlorella vulgaris, Artemia salina y Aliivibrio fischeri. Se aplicaron las pruebas de inhibición del crecimiento durante 72 h para la microalga C. vulgaris, la mortalidad durante 24 h para el microcrustáceo A. salina y la prueba de inhibición de bioluminiscencia durante 15 min para la bacteria A. fischeri. Se utilizó el modelo estadístico log-logístico de dosis-respuesta no paramétrico para obtener concentraciones efetivas (CE) del 50% y el 10% para NVP sola y para el fármaco. Se encontró que la NVP aislada afectó la viabilidad de las tres especies estudiadas, sin embargo, el fármaco basado en NVP no fue tóxico para A. salina. Es de destacar que el CE50% de NVP difirió estadísticamente entre el API y el fármaco para A. fischeri y A. salina. También se observó que existe un rango de concentración estrecho entre la aparición de los primeros efectos observables y los efectos tóxicos de NVP en estas especies. Esto refuerza la importancia de estudiar y controlar la liberación de este API al medio ambiente. Finalmente, se concluyó que es posible implementar el monitoreo de la toxicidad ambiental de micro contaminantes en la rutina industrial, utilizando pruebas de toxicidad estandarizadas y económicamente accesibles, que ofrecen rapidez y practicidad en el análisis de efluentes.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Juliana Souki Diniz; Leonardo Alvarenga de Paula Freitas; Izabela Cristina Dias Vaz; Francisco Antônio Rodrigues Barbosa; Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol; Sérgia Maria Starling Magalhães; Micheline Rosa Silveira
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