Os efeitos tóxicos do antirretroviral nevirapina e um medicamento à base de nevirapina para organismos aquáticos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25014Palavras-chave:
Toxicidade aquática; Segurança ambiental; Ecotoxicidade; Micropoluentes.Resumo
A toxicidade aquática de ingredientes ativos farmacêuticos (IFAs) e medicamentos é pouco explorada na literatura. A nevirapina (NVP) é um antirretroviral, inibidor não nucleosídeo da enzima transcriptase reversa. Este estudo avaliou a toxicidade aquática desse IFA isolado e como um medicamento à base de NVP. Para isso, foram analisados os efeitos sobre a viabilidade dos organismos aquáticos Chlorella vulgaris, Artemia salina e Aliivibrio fischeri. Foram aplicados os testes de inibição do crescimento por 72 h para a microalga C. vulgaris, de mortalidade por 24 h para o microcrustáceo A. salina e o de inibição da bioluminescência por 15 min para a bactéria A. fischeri. O modelo estatístico de dose-resposta não paramétrico log-logístico foi utilizado para obter as concentrações efetivas (CE) de 50% e 10% para a NVP isolada e para o medicamento. Constatou-se que a NVP isolada afetou a viabilidade das três espécies estudadas, porém, o medicamento à base de NVP não foi tóxico para A. salina. Ressalta-se que a CE50% de NVP diferiu estatisticamente entre o IFA e o medicamento para A. fischeri e A. salina. Observou-se também que há uma estreita faixa de concentração entre o aparecimento dos primeiros efeitos observáveis e dos efeitos tóxicos de NVP nessas espécies. Isso reforça a importância do estudo e do controle de lançamento desse IFA no ambiente. Por fim, concluiu-se que é possível implementar o monitoramento da toxicidade ambiental de micropoluentes na rotina industrial, utilizando testes de toxicidade padronizados e economicamente acessíveis, que oferecem rapidez e praticidade na análise de efluentes.
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