Posible aplicación agroalimentaria del extracto de residuos de seriguela (Spondias purpurea L.) y nanoZnO como agentes antimicrobianos, antipatógenos y antivirulencia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25033Palabras clave:
Bioactivos de origen vegetal; Nanopartículas; Actividad antimicrobiana; Antipatogenicidad; Antivirulencia; Sistema de secreción tipo tres; Quorum sensing.Resumen
El impacto de microorganismos fitopatógenos en varios cultivos provoca importantes pérdidas en industria agroalimentaria, deterioro a lo largo de cadena alimentaria y almacenamiento. Nanopartículas y extractos de plantas se han destacado por sus propiedades antimicrobianas aplicadas en envasado de alimentos, agricultura, sistemas de administración de fármacos y otros enfoques médicos. En los últimos años, este grupo ha estudiado aplicación de nanopartículas de ZnO y desechos agroindustriales en recubrimientos/películas comestibles de alimentos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar características activas del extracto de residuos de procesamiento de seriguela y nanoZnO con respecto a actividad inhibitoria contra sistemas de virulencia y patogenicidad bacteriana TTSS (Sistema de Secreción Tipo Tres) y QS (Quorum Sensing) para Pseudomonas savastanoi. También, acción antibacteriana (zona de inhibición) frente a especies de Curtobacterium, Clavibacter, E. coli, Xanthomonas y Serratia, y antifúngica frente a Botrytis cinerea (reducción del tamaño de colonia). Extracto al 60% inhibió activación del sistema QS y TTSS en 20,26% y 13,54%, respectivamente; mientras nanoZnO al 3% redujo 46,77% QS y aumentó 302,88% TTSS. Extracto sin diluir inhibió crecimiento de Clavibacter michiganensis pv michiganensis (Gram-positivo) y Xanthomonas phaseoli (Gram-negativo), zona inhibidora 94,25 mm2 y 452,39 mm2 respectivamente. Esta última también inhibida por nanoZnO 1 y 2% (138,23 mm2) y 3% (275,67 mm2). Extracto puro inhibió 17.38% del crecimiento de colonia de hongos, y nanoZnO (1 y 3%) en 33.08%. Finalmente, los agentes activos estudiados demostraron ser prometedores en prevención de enfermedades fitopatogénicas y consecuentemente pérdidas económicas, películas/recubrimientos alimentarios, y el extracto como biopesticida reduciendo impacto ambiental.
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