Eficacia de la terapia de oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) en pacientes críticos con COVID-19

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26388

Palabras clave:

COVID-19; Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea; Eficacia.

Resumen

Los casos graves de COVID-19 pueden requerir terapias de apoyo de oxígeno, como el uso de oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) y ventilación mecánica (VM). ECMO es una terapia utilizada como soporte temporal en casos de falla de la función pulmonar y/o cardíaca. Esta revisión integradora tuvo como objetivo evaluar la literatura científica sobre la efectividad de ECMO en pacientes críticos con COVID-19. En esta revisión se incluyeron artículos recopilados de PubMed, publicados entre diciembre de 2019 y junio de 2021, utilizando los descriptores "COVID-19" y "ECMO". Se excluyeron los artículos que no presentaron resultados sobre la evaluación de la relación de ECMO con el COVID-19 y aquellos que encajan en la categoría de modelo de carta al editor o reseñas narrativas. Para una discusión integrada, los artículos fueron agrupados en una tabla que contenía título, objetivo, método, metodología, resultados y conclusión. Para el análisis integrador se incluyeron 36 artículos. Se pudo evidenciar una mayor efectividad de ECMO en pacientes más jóvenes (< 71 años), con mayor gravedad de la enfermedad y en aquellos con comorbilidades. Sin embargo, la terapia tiene ciertos tipos de complicaciones, como un alto riesgo de trombosis y fallas en el circuito, que pueden conducir a un destete ECMO fallido. La terapia ECMO puede ayudar a los pacientes críticos con COVID-19 en ciertas condiciones, aunque puede aumentar el riesgo de trombosis, y se necesitan más estudios para obtener más aclaraciones.

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Publicado

12/02/2022

Cómo citar

LAVEZZO, S. Z. .; BELTRAME, S. E. .; RIBEIRO, C. H. M. A. .; PRETE, A. C. L. . Eficacia de la terapia de oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) en pacientes críticos con COVID-19 . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 3, p. e5911326388, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26388. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/26388. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud