Alimentación más allá de la necesidad: mecanismos hedónicos de control de la alimentación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26626Palabras clave:
Comportamiento alimentario; Consumo hedónico; Adicción a la comida; Palatabilidad.Resumen
La conducta alimentaria es el resultado de la interacción de factores fisiológicos, emocionales, sociales, genéticos e incluso de las condiciones ambientales a las que está expuesto el individuo desde el inicio del desarrollo. Varios factores influyen en el control de la conducta alimentaria, sin embargo, este se puede caracterizar por el sinergismo de dos mecanismos de control complementarios: homeostático y hedónico. Aunque la homeostasis está controlada por el diálogo hormonal entre el intestino y el cerebro, el deseo de comer se centra en el sistema de recompensa del cerebro, que también está involucrado en la adquisición y adicciones y atracones. El mundo moderno está saturado de alimentos altamente procesados, azucarados y grasos que activan áreas de recompensa, inundando el cerebro con neurotransmisores relacionados con el placer y la felicidad. La consecuencia de esto es la necesidad a menudo incontrolable de comer, también conocida como hambre hedónica. Esta revisión presenta una visión integradora de los mecanismos implicados en el control de la conducta alimentaria hedónica. Comprender estos mecanismos se vuelve especialmente importante para comprender cómo el entorno alimentario moderno conduce al consumo excesivo y su contribución a la actual epidemia de obesidad.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Mayara Matias de Oliveira; Elton Gabriel Fernandes de Brito; Keilla Maria Paz e Silva; Flavia Regina Gonçalves de Aráujo; Taisy Cinthia Ferro Cavalcante; Amanda Alves Marcelino da Silva; Sandra Lopes de Souza
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