Autolesiones, ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes de una escuela de un municipio del sur de Minas Gerais, Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26776Palabras clave:
Enfermería; Adolescente; Auto lastimarse; Comportamiento auto agresivo; Salud mental; Ansiedad; Depresión.Resumen
Objetivo: El objetivo fue identificar la presencia de autolesiones entre adolescentes, los métodos y motivos de este comportamiento y evaluar la asociación con variables sociodemográficas, ansiedad y depresión. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, realizado con 73 adolescentes de una escuela de un municipio del sur de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Instrumento de recolección de datos: Caracterización, Clasificación Económica, Evaluación Funcional de Automutilaciones, Tamizaje de Trastornos Emocionales Relacionados con la Ansiedad Infantil e Inventario de Depresión Infantil. Resultados: Se evidenció autolesión en 84,9% de los participantes, 72,6% con síntomas de ansiedad y 50,6% con síntomas depresivos, 37,1% con ideación suicida. Los métodos de autolesión eran: pincharse las heridas, golpearse y morderse, y cortarse la piel. Los principales motivos: aliviar la sensación de vacío o indiferencia, frenar malos sentimientos o sensaciones y sentirse relajado. Las autolesiones se asocian con el género femenino, la ideación suicida, la ansiedad y la depresión. Conclusión: Se concluye que la autolesión es un factor de riesgo para el suicidio y genera un sufrimiento significativo, interfiriendo negativamente en la vida de los adolescentes. Se destaca la necesidad de una mayor atención a la salud mental de los adolescentes en el contexto escolar.
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