Factores de riesgo cardiovascular y factores de confusión en la dermatitis atópica grave: revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26926Palabras clave:
Dermatitis atópica; Enfermedades Cardiovasculares; inflamasomas; Inflamación; Accidente Cerebrovascular; Aterosclerosis; Síndrome metabólico; Infarto de miocardio.Resumen
El interés en la dermatitis atópica (DA), enfermedad inflamatoria crónica y recurrente, como un factor de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) ha ido en aumento últimamente, aunque existen pocos estudios disponibles al respecto y los resultados son controvertidos. El propósito de esta revisión fue comprender si los mecanismos inflamatorios en la DA grave la convierten en un factor de riesgo para las ECV. Después del desarrollo de un protocolo de estudio, se llevó a cabo una revisión de alcance basada en la estructura delineada por Arksey y O'Malley, Levac et al., el Instituto Joanna Briggs y las guías PRISMA-ScR. PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scopus y SciELO fueron las bases de datos seleccionadas.Resultados: Cincuenta y dos estudios se incluyeron en esta revisión (18 estudios de revisión, 16 estudios transversales, 15 estudios de cohortes y tres metanálisis). Encontramos que 36 estudios asocian la DA con la ECV, mientras que 16 estudios no encontraron relación entre la DA y la ECV. Conclusiones: Es posible que el riesgo cardiovascular en la enfermedad atópica moderada a grave se encuentre en factores de confusión, y no necesariamente porque la DA y las ECV comparten la misma vía inflamatoria sistémica crónica. No hay pruebas sólidas de que la DA sea un factor de riesgo de ECV. Para reducir el riesgo de ECV en pacientes con DA debemos prestar atención a los factores de riesgo comúnmente presentes en estos pacientes y recomendar encarecidamente un estilo de vida saludable.
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