Probióticos: ¿una espada o un escudo en el resultado de COVID-19?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27165Palabras clave:
Microbiota; Disbiosis; COVID-19; Uso racional de antibióticos.Resumen
¿Cuánto frenesí podría causar una infección viral? El virus de la familia de los betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, agente del COVID-19, ha sacudido las estructuras económicas y sanitarias de todo el mundo desde finales de 2019. Son varios los intentos de evitar la propagación de este virus, a partir de medidas sanitarias eficaces , o la "fiebre del oro" por el reposicionamiento de fármacos, hasta el desarrollo acelerado de vacunas. En este sentido, se ha incrementado aún más el uso empírico de antibióticos en pacientes hospitalizados para evitar las coinfecciones bacterianas, lo que podría ser un factor agravante de desenlaces clínicos desfavorables. Sin embargo, el uso no racional de estos fármacos, además de contribuir a la aparición de microorganismos multirresistentes, puede contribuir a una situación preocupante, la disbiosis intestinal, un evento de proporciones "pleiotrópicas", que puede empeorar significativamente el SARS-CoV- 2. Diferentes estudios reportan que pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 han mostrado una reducción en la población de bacterias probióticas productoras de butirato, como Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, además de una reducción en la relación Firmicute/Bacteroidetes y un aumento en la proporción de Actinobacteria, entre otros patógenos oportunistas. Este desequilibrio en la microbiota intestinal se ha correlacionado con un aumento de los indicadores bioquímicos proinflamatorios y una reducción de los fármacos antiinflamatorios, lo que contribuye a resultados desfavorables. Por lo tanto, comprender las interacciones microbianas armónicas y disarmónicas en el contexto de COVID-19 puede ayudar a desarrollar estrategias no farmacológicas capaces de modular la respuesta del huésped y evitar complicaciones, particularmente en pacientes con comorbilidades.
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