Probióticos – uma espada ou um escudo no desfecho da COVID-19?

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27165

Palavras-chave:

Microbiota; COVID-19; Disbiose; Uso racional de antibacterianos.

Resumo

Quanto frenesi uma infecção viral poderia causar? O vírus da família de betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, agente da COVID-19, abala estruturas econômica e sanitária em todo o mundo desde final de 2019. São inúmeras as tentativas de impedir a expansão deste vírus, sejam através de medidas sanitárias efetivas, ou na "corrida do ouro" por reposicionamento de fármacos e desenvolvimento acelerado de vacinas. Neste sentido, o uso empírico de fármacos como os antibióticos aumentaram ainda mais em pacientes hospitalizados, na tentativa de evitar coinfecções bacterianas, o que poderia ser um agravante nos desfechos clínicos desfavoráveis. No entanto, o uso não racional destes medicamentos, além de contribuírem para o surgimento de micro-organismos multirresistentes, podem contribuir para um quadro preocupante, a disbiose intestinal, um evento com proporções "pleiotrópicas", que pode agravar demasiadamente a infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Diferentes estudos relatam que pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 vêm apresentando redução populacional de bactérias probióticas produtoras de butirato, como Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, além da redução na razão Firmicute/Bacteroidetes e aumento da proporção de Actinobacterias, entre outros patógenos oportunistas. Este desequilíbrio na microbiota intestinal tem sido correlacionado à elevação dos níveis de indicadores bioquímicos pró-inflamatórios e redução dos anti-inflamatórios, os quais contribuem para desfechos desfavoráveis. Destarte, compreender as interações microbianas harmônicas e desarmônicas no contexto da COVID-19, podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de estratégias não farmacológicas, capazes de modular a resposta do hospedeiro e evitar complicações, particularmente no tocante aos pacientes com comorbidades.

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12/03/2022

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ABREU, J. A. C. de .; FREITAS, N. L. de .; AZEVEDO, P. R. G.; BRANDÃO, F. Probióticos – uma espada ou um escudo no desfecho da COVID-19?. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 4, p. e11011427165, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27165. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/27165. Acesso em: 24 nov. 2024.

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v. 11 n. 4

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Ciências da Saúde

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Copyright (c) 2022 Joel Antonio Cordeiro de Abreu; Natália Lopes de Freitas; Pedro Ricardo G Azevedo; Fabiana Brandão

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