El uso de fibras textiles impregnadas con nanopartículas de plata para combatir enfermedades infecciosas, sus riesgos a la salud y su regulación sanitaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i6.28704Palabras clave:
Nanopartículas de prata; COVID-19; SARS‐CoV‐2; Fibras têxteis; Regulação.Resumen
Introducción: La irrupción de la pandemia provocada por el nuevo coronavirus se ha convertido en uno de los grandes retos del siglo XXI. El uso de la nanotecnología en las fibras textiles tiene el potencial de convertirse en un recurso para hacer frente a la pandemia. En este campo, merecen destacarse los tejidos impregnados con nanopartículas de plata (AgNP), gracias a sus atributos antivirales y antibacterianos. Objetivos: Esta revisión integradora tuvo como objetivos evaluar sus aplicaciones, eficacia antimicrobiana, riesgos y regulación para contribuir a la lucha contra la pandemia de COVID-19, así como otras enfermedades infecciosas. Metodología: Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se realizaron búsquedas en la literatura. Resultados y discusión: Los resultados demostraron que las AgNP impregnadas de tejido pueden tener una amplia aplicación en el campo de la medicina. La literatura también señala una capacidad antimicrobiana relevante de las AgNP, sin embargo, esta capacidad parece estar relacionada con su diámetro y forma. La mayoría de los nanomateriales se clasifican como GRAS, sin embargo, esta clasificación se realizó extrapolando los datos obtenidos en formas no nanométricas. En general, la información sobre biodisponibilidad y toxicocinética de los nanomateriales es poco conocida. En términos regulatorios, a pesar de los avances recientes, este es un tema aún en discusión. Conclusiones: Si bien aún existen muchos vacíos regulatorios sobre el tema, el uso de AgNP, no solo en fibras textiles, puede convertirse en un recurso valioso, no solo para combatir la pandemia de COVD-19, sino también para otras enfermedades causadas por microorganismos.
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