Posibles hipótesis fisiopatológicas de la fibromialgia: una revisión integrativa de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i7.29806

Palabras clave:

Fibromialgia; Dolor; Fisiopatología; Sensibilización central.

Resumen

Introducción: El Síndrome de Fibromialgia (FMS), o simplemente fibromialgia, es un síndrome de dolor crónico caracterizado por dolor generalizado, puntos sensibles, trastornos del sueño y fatiga extrema. Objetivo: destacar las hipótesis etifisiopatógenas de la fibromialgia. Metodología: Se trata de una investigación descriptiva del tipo revisión integrativa de la literatura. La investigación se llevó a cabo a través del acceso en línea a la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Google Scholar, Virtual Health Library (BVS) y las bases de datos EBSCO. Servicios, marzo de 2022. Resultados y discusión: los pacientes con FMS, que se caracteriza por un síndrome de amplificación del dolor, son extremadamente sensibles a los estímulos dolorosos y no dolorosos, incluidos el tacto, el calor y el frío, y los estímulos mecánicos. Sin embargo, cabe señalar que la hipersensibilidad de estos pacientes no se limita al dolor, sino que también incluye estímulos lumínicos, sonoros y olfativos. No se ha determinado la causa de esta sensibilidad exagerada de los pacientes con FMS, pero varios estudios han mostrado anomalías en el procesamiento del dolor en el SNC. La mayoría de estos estudios mostraron sensibilización central, lo que indica una reducción en el umbral nociceptivo en el asta dorsal de la médula espinal y en el cerebro. Aunque los estímulos nociceptivos aferentes son necesarios para el dolor de los pacientes con FMS, una característica importante de la sensibilización es que se requiere muy poca estimulación nociceptiva sostenida en los tejidos periféricos para mantener el estado sensibilizado y el dolor crónico. Consideraciones finales: La etiología de la fibromialgia aún no se comprende bien. Se cree que su causa es esencialmente multifactorial, con aspectos genéticos y psicológicos que juegan un papel en el desarrollo de la enfermedad.

Citas

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Publicado

18/05/2022

Cómo citar

GOMES, M. J. de A.; FIGUEIREDO, B. Q. de .; SANTOS, B. D.; SOARES, C. A. V. D.; RESENDE, G. B. de O.; CARNEIRO, H. L.; CUNHA, I. A. M. F.; SILVA NETO, J. C. da .; OLIVEIRA, U. D. de .; RIBEIRO, W. de C. Posibles hipótesis fisiopatológicas de la fibromialgia: una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 7, p. e15911729806, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i7.29806. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/29806. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud