Evaluación de la relación entre la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, el tabaquismo y el desgaste dental: revisión narrativa de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31712Palabras clave:
Desgaste de los dientes; Reflujo gastroesofágico; Tabaquismo.Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la interacción entre a enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE), tabaquismo y desgaste dental. Se realizó una revisión narrativa, realizando una búsqueda bibliográfica electrónica utilizando la plataforma PubMed/Medline. Se incluyeron estudios transversales, de cohortes y casos y controles realizados en adultos, que abordaran al menos dos de los tres ejes de investigación. Se excluyeron estudios en animales, informes de casos, revisiones de literatura, capítulos de libros, cartas, comentarios, editoriales y estudios in vitro. No hubo restricciones con respecto al idioma y la fecha de publicación. La búsqueda arrojó 523 artículos, de los cuales 46 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Un total de 156.843 personas de 20 países participaron en los estudios seleccionados. La mayoría de los artículos encontraron una asociación significativa entre el tabaquismo y la aparición de ERGE, que puede explicarse por mecanismos que implican la relajación del esfínter esofágico inferior (EEI), la reducción de la secreción salival y el aumento del tiempo de vaciado gástrico. Ademas, las personas con ERGE pueden sufrir episodios de reducción del pH en la cavidad bucal, lo que promueve la degradación de las estructuras dentales, proceso que puede verse exacerbado por el impacto directo del tabaquismo. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que existe una relación positiva entre ERGE, tabaquismo y desgaste dental. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios prospectivos que evalúen la interacción de estos tres factores para corroborar estos hallazgos.
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