El papel de los compuestos fenólicos en el metabolismo y su potencial antioxidante
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.31750Palabras clave:
Compuestos secundarios; Actividad antioxidante; Cancer; Radicales libres.Resumen
La ingesta de frutas y verduras ricas en nutrientes con propiedades bioactivas está asociada a la prevención de una serie de enfermedades crónicas como las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la diabetes y el cáncer que tienen su origen en trastornos fisiológicos, que pueden ser promovidas por la acumulación de radicales libres en el organismo. Varios compuestos químicos con funciones bioactivas se encuentran en frutas y verduras. Entre estos, los compuestos fenólicos destacan por tener una alta capacidad antioxidante. Estos compuestos se originan en el metabolismo secundario de las plantas, siendo esenciales para su crecimiento y reproducción. Además, pueden ser más expresados por las plantas en condiciones de estrés, como infecciones por microorganismos, lesiones, cambios climáticos severos, deficiencia nutricional, entre otros. Las concentraciones más altas de estos fenoles se encuentran en las pieles de frutas y verduras, debido a su uso potencial en la protección contra los rayos UV, patógenos y depredadores. La búsqueda de nuevas fuentes de antioxidantes naturales y/o sintetizados ha ido en aumento debido a la amplia actividad biológica observada para estos compuestos, como la inhibición de la oxidación lipídica y su acción frente a la inactivación de radicales libres. Estos compuestos se pueden sintetizar a través de la vía del shikimato/fenilpropanoide. Se cree que después del consumo se degradan parcialmente en el intestino delgado, alrededor del 5 al 10%, y el resto en el intestino grueso. Aquí revisamos cómo la planta sintetiza compuestos fenólicos y sus efectos en la salud, demostrando la importante actividad dietética de estos compuestos en los procesos metabólicos.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Edson Pablo da Silva; Vanessa Leal de Queiroz Herminio; Daniel Nascimento Motta; Milena Botelho Pereira Soares; Leticia de Alencar Pereira Rodrigues ; Josiane Dantas Viana ; Flavio Augusto de Freitas; Aline Priscilla Gomes da Silva; Francisca das C. do Amaral Souza; Eduardo Valério de Barros Vilas Boas
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