Tratamiento térmico de temple y partición: tercera generación de aceros avanzados de alta resistencia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.31903Palabras clave:
Temple y partición; AHSS; Austenita retenida.Resumen
Este manuscrito tiene como objetivo presentar una descripción general del tratamiento térmico de temple y partición (Q&P) que generalmente se aplica a la plasticidad inducida por transformación (TRIP) y los aceros dúplex (DP). TRIP y DP son las primeras generaciones de aceros avanzados de alta resistencia (AHSS). Los AHSS presentan microestructuras multifásicas que aseguran una combinación ventajosa de resistencia y ductilidad. El proceso de tratamiento térmico Q&P tiene como objetivo obtener una microestructura mixta con martensita y austenita retenida y mejorar la relación resistencia/ductilidad del AHSS común. La austenita retenida de los aceros Q&P es rica en carbono y estable a temperatura ambiente. El proceso de tratamiento térmico implica el enfriamiento del acero entre las temperaturas de inicio de martensita (Ms) y de final de martensita (Mf), seguido de la partición. La partición es un tratamiento térmico isotérmico que se produce por encima de la temperatura Ms. Un proceso de difusión enriquece la austenita restante con carbono que migra desde la martensita. La estabilidad de la austenita retenida a temperatura ambiente mejora el desempeño mecánico del acero, ya que aumenta la tenacidad y el alargamiento del material. El control óptimo de la microestructura da origen a la tercera generación de AHSS y permite reducir el peso y mejorar la respuesta mecánica de las piezas de automoción fabricadas con los aceros TRIP y DP.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Renata Neves Penha; Yago Francisco Soares Marins
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