COVID-19, dislipidemia e hipercolesterolemia familiar: una actualización
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31975Palabras clave:
Dislipidemia; Hipercolesterolemia Familiar; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Hipolipemiante.Resumen
El COVID-19 (enfermedad por coronavirus 2019) ES una infección causada por el coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, que puede evolucionar a una afección respiratória grave, afectando a la población mundial en una pandemia. En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue actualizar los hallazgos de los mecanismos que asocian la dislipidemia con la infección por COVID-19, la evolución de la forma grave y la influencia del tratamiento hipolipemiante en los resultados. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed y Embase y la selección se basó en estúdios de dislipidemia y COVID-19, resultando en 31 artículos. En resultados, la evidencia de cambios en el metabolismo del colesterol en la infección por el vírus SARS-CoV-2 con variaciones en los niveles de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL). Además, proporciono un aumento de los triglicéridos (TG) y del colesterol de lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (VLDLc). Los pacientes con hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF) con COVID-19 representan un grupo de individuos que desarrollan enfermedad aterosclerótica temprana con mayor riesgo potencial de disfunción endotelial coronaria causada por la infección viral. Los medicamentos modificadores del colesterol tienen el potencial de alterar el ciclo del vírus, lo que resulta en una serie de efectos pleiotrópicos sobre la infectividad, la inmunidad y la inflamación, como las estatinas, los fibratos, la ezetimiba, los inibidores de la proproteína convertasa-subtilisina/kexina tipo 9 (iPCSK9), ácidos grasos Omega 3, secuestrantes de ácidos biliares y ácido nicotínico. Como la dislipidemia es uno de los principales factores de riesgo para la forma grave de COVID-19, causando disfunción endotelial previamente instalada en pacientes dislipidêmicos, el uso de hipolipemiantes puede reducir el riesgo de factores para el desenlace desfavorable en estos pacientes.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Júnea Paolucci de Paiva Silvino; Jéssica Abdo Gonçalves Tosatti; Cinthia Elim Jannes; Iêda de Fátima Oliveira Silva; Karina Braga Gomes
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