Síntomas de ansiedad e depresión en pacientes con acúfeno: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.33168Palabras clave:
Acúfeno; Depresión; Ansiedad.Resumen
Objetivo: comparar la presencia de síntomas depresivos y ansiosos en portadores de acúfeno con la presencia en no portadores. Metodología: se han realizado búsquedas en las bases de datos Pubmed y Lilacs, de estudios con seres humanos adultos, del tipo transversal, de casos y controles o de cohortes, que han sido seleccionados en dos etapas (lectura del título y del resumen y lectura de todo el texto). La selección, la extracción de los datos y la evaluación de la calidad de los estudios han sido realizadas por dos revisores independientes. Resultados: se han incluido 29 estudios, totalizando 1.208.435 sujetos. 78% e 76% de los estudios han encontrado asociación positiva y significativa (p < 0,05) entre acúfeno y síntomas depresivos y ansiosos, respectivamente. Todos los estudios que compararon los síntomas depresivos del subgrupo con acúfeno no molesto con los del grupo control han encontrado asociación positiva y significativa (p < 0,05). Todos los estudios que evaluaron la correlación entre el nivel de molestia del acúfeno y los niveles de ansiedad o depresión han encontrado correlación positiva y significativa (p < 0,05). Conclusión: la presencia de síntomas depresivos y ansiosos es mayor en pacientes con acúfeno do que la en controles, y esta asociación es independiente de pérdida auditiva. Cuanto más molesto sea el acúfeno, mayores serán la prevalencia y la intensidad de los síntomas psiquiátricos. Sin embargo, acúfenos están asociados a mayor probabilidad de presentar síntomas depresivos aun cuando sean acúfenos no molestos.
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