Factores abióticos asociados a la contaminación por microplásticos en las aguas superficiales de un estuario tropical
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34457Palabras clave:
Impacto antropogénico; Estuario del río Paraíba; Marea; Lluvia.Resumen
El medio acuático ha sufrido impactos antrópicos a través de vertidos inadecuados de fuentes domésticas, agrícolas e industriales. Los desechos se fragmentan en microplásticos (MPs) que se acumulan en estos ecosistemas y causan un impacto tan grande. Este estudio proporciona la primera evaluación de la contaminación del agua superficial por MPs en el estuario del río Paraíba, Paraíba, Brasil. Se realizaron muestreos mensuales de agua superficial con red de fitoplancton entre marzo/2019 y febrero/2020, aguas abajo en este estuario. En los factores abióticos probados, la altura de las mareas y la precipitación fueron inversamente proporcionales a la abundancia de MP en la superficie del agua. Mientras que la transparencia del agua, la velocidad y dirección del viento y el volumen de agua filtrada no afectaron significativamente dicha abundancia. Se obtuvieron un total de 443 MPs en 1116.26 m3 de agua filtrada, con una abundancia media de 1,96 ± 1,44 MP/m3, variando de 0,33 (septiembre) a 4,76 (enero). Los resultados revelan una importante incidencia de contaminación por MP aguas abajo en este sistema. El predominio de fibras (51%) y fragmentos (48%) de PM refleja la descomposición lenta y natural de los residuos sólidos, lo que confirma la falta de eliminación adecuada de basura en la región metropolitana de João Pessoa. Este estudio refuerza la necesidad de implementar medidas de mitigación simples, como saneamiento básico, para reducir la contaminación local, así como evaluaciones de impacto antrópico efectivas y de rutina destinadas a controlar la calidad del agua en este importante estuario de Paraíba.
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