Asociación entre prematuridad y dificultades de alimentación en la infancia: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.35190Palabras clave:
Prematuro; Comportamiento alimentario; Trastornos de la alimentación y la alimentación; Trastornos de la alimentación y la alimentación en la infancia.Resumen
Objetivo: revisar sistemáticamente la literatura para evaluar la hipótesis asociación entre la prematuridad y las dificultades de alimentación infantil. Método: la revisión sistemática se realizó de acuerdo con las directrices PRISMA. La búsqueda fue realizada por dos investigadores independientes en PubMed y Scielo, utilizando los siguientes descriptores combinados: “prematuro”, “recién nacido prematuro”, “pretérmino”, “trastornos alimentarios”, “trastornos alimentarios en la infancia”, “comportamiento alimentario” , "enfermedad prematura", "trastornos de la nutrición infantil" y sus correlatos en inglés. Se evaluaron artículos publicados entre 1996 y 2022. Resultados: de los 45 artículos elegibles, 19 fueron incluidos en la revisión. En 19 estudios (90,5%) hubo asociación entre la prematuridad y las dificultades de alimentación en la infancia. Las principales dificultades alimentarias encontradas se relacionaron con la introducción de alimentos sólidos, dificultad oromotora, rechazo/evitación de alimentos, tos, vómitos, disminución del apetito y del placer de comer, alimentación desorganizada o disfuncional, mayor selectividad, neofobia alimentaria y dieta más empobrecida en comparación con hijos a término. Diez estudios (47,6%) indicaron que a menor edad gestacional y menor peso al nacer, mayor prevalencia de dificultades de alimentación. Conclusión: existe evidencia importante que asocia la prematuridad con las dificultades de alimentación en la infancia, sin embargo, las debilidades metodológicas reducen la calidad de la evidencia producida.
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