Purificación biológica de biogás por proceso fotosintético utilizando microalgas

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.35327

Palabras clave:

Biocombustible; Biometano; Microalgas; Purificador; Sustentabilidad.

Resumen

La purificación fotosintética utilizando cultivos de microalgas se ha convertido en una tecnología eficiente para la eliminación de dióxido de carbono del biogás. En este método, las microlagunas capturan CO2 a través de la fotosíntesis y liberan O2 en el medio de cultivo, que es utilizado por bacterias oxidantes de azufre para oxidar H2S a sulfatos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la purificación de biogás por el proceso fotosintético de microalgas. Para ello se desarrolló un prototipo de purificador a escala piloto. La configuración experimental consistió en un sistema de dos etapas, una de las cuales consistía en un fotobiorreactor de cultivo de microalgas conectado a una columna de absorción. El líquido se hizo circular de forma descendente, retornando al fotobiorreactor por el fondo de la columna. El biogás se inyectó en la columna de absorción en régimen de contracorriente al líquido. Los análisis se realizaron enfocándose en los gases CO2, CH4 y O2, presentes en el biogás afluente y efluente a la columna de absorción. En el biogás crudo, la concentración de CO2 rondaba el 32%; CH4 osciló entre 63,08 % y 64,32 %; y O2 de 0,17% a 0,71%. El biogás purificado tenía concentraciones de CO2 que oscilaban entre 9,15 % y 18,46 %; CH4 del 71,4% al 76,2%; y O2 entre 1,24% a 3,26%. Se registraron eficiencias de eliminación de CO2 del 42,46 % al 72,02 % en el biogás purificado. Los resultados mostraron que el prototipo propuesto utilizando el proceso biológico con microalgas demostró ser satisfactorio y prometedor para la purificación de biogás.

Citas

Abu Hajar, H. A., Guy Riefler, R., & Stuart, B. J. (2016). Anaerobic digestate as a nutrient medium for the growth of the green microalga Neochloris oleoabundans. Environmental Engineering Research, 21(3), 265–275. https://doi.org/10.4491/EER.2016.005

Ángeles, R., Arnaiz, E., Gutiérrez, J., Sepúlveda-Muñoz, C. A., Fernández-Ramos, O., Muñoz, R., & Lebrero, R. (2020). Optimization of photosynthetic biogas upgrading in closed photobioreactors combined with algal biomass production. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 38, 101554. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JWPE.2020.101554

Awe, O. W., Zhao, Y., Nzihou, A., Minh, D. P., & Lyczko, N. (2017). A Review of Biogas Utilisation, Purification and Upgrading Technologies. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 8(2), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9826-4

Aziz, M. M. A., Kassim, K. A., ElSergany, M., Anuar, S., Jorat, M. E., Yaacob, H., Ahsan, A., Imteaz, M. A., & Arifuzzaman. (2020). Recent advances on palm oil mill effluent (POME) pretreatment and anaerobic reactor for sustainable biogas production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 119, 106215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109603

Bahr, M., Díaz, I., Dominguez, A., González Sánchez, A., & Muñoz, R. (2014). Microalgal-biotechnology as a platform for an integral biogas upgrading and nutrient removal from anaerobic effluents. Environmental Science and Technology, 48(1), 573–581. https://doi.org/10.1021/ES403596M/SUPPL_FILE/ES403596M_SI_001.PDF

Bose, A., Lin, R., Rajendran, K., O’Shea, R., Xia, A., & Murphy, J. D. (2019). How to optimise photosynthetic biogas upgrading: a perspective on system design and microalgae selection. Biotechnology Advances, 37(8), 107444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107444

Confederação Nacional da Indústria. (2019). Especificação do gás natural: oportunidades e experiências internacional. CNI.

Das, J., Ravishankar, H., & Lens, P. N. L. (2022). Biological biogas purification: Recent developments, challenges and future prospects. Journal of Environmental Management, 304, 114198. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.114198

de Arespacochaga, N., Valderrama, C., Mesa, C., Bouchy, L., & Cortina, J. L. (2014). Biogas biological desulphurisation under extremely acidic conditions for energetic valorisation in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Chemical Engineering Journal, 255, 677–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2014.06.073

Flores-Cortés, M., Pérez-Trevilla, J., de María Cuervo-López, F., Buitrón, G., & Quijano, G. (2021). H2S oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction in a two-stage bioreactor: Targeting H2S-rich biogas desulfurization. Waste Management, 120, 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2020.11.024

Franco-Morgado, M., Alcántara, C., Noyola, A., Muñoz, R., & González-Sánchez, A. (2017). A study of photosynthetic biogas upgrading based on a high rate algal pond under alkaline conditions: Influence of the illumination regime. Science of The Total Environment, 592, 419–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.03.077

Franco-Morgado, M., Tabaco-Angoa, T., Ramírez-García, M. A., & González-Sánchez, A. (2021). Strategies for decreasing the O2 content in the upgraded biogas purified via microalgae-based technology. Journal of Environmental Management, 279, 111813. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2020.111813

Jacob, J. M., Ravindran, R., Narayanan, M., Samuel, S. M., Pugazhendhi, A., & Kumar, G. (2020). Microalgae: A prospective low cost green alternative for nanoparticle synthesis. Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2019.12.005

Kadam, R., & Panwar, N. L. (2017). Recent advancement in biogas enrichment and its applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 73, 892–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.167

Khan, I. U., Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, M., Hashim, H., Matsuura, T., Ismail, A. F., Rezaei-DashtArzhandi, M., & Wan Azelee, I. (2017). Biogas as a renewable energy fuel – A review of biogas upgrading, utilisation and storage. Energy Conversion and Management, 150, 277–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.08.035

Konrad, O., Akwa, J. V., Koch, F. F., Tonetto, M., & Jaqueline, L. (2016). Quantification and characterization of the production of biogas from blends of agro-industrial wastes in a large-scale demonstration plant. Acta Scientiarum. Technology, 38(4), 415–421.

Koutra, E., Economou, C. N., Tsafrakidou, P., & Kornaros, M. (2018). Bio-Based Products from Microalgae Cultivated in Digestates. Trends in Biotechnology, 36(8), 819–833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.02.015

Kunz, A., Steinmetz, R. L. R., & Amaral, A. C. (2019). Fundamentos da digestão anaeróbia, purificação do biogás, uso e tratamento do digestato. Sbera: Embrapa Suíno e Aves.

Meier, L., Barros, P., Torres, A., Vilchez, C., & Jeison, D. (2017). Photosynthetic biogas upgrading using microalgae: Effect of light/dark photoperiod. Renewable Energy, 106, 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2017.01.009

Meier, L., Stará, D., Bartacek, J., & Jeison, D. (2018). Removal of H2S by a continuous microalgae-based photosynthetic biogas upgrading process. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 119, 65–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSEP.2018.07.014

Miltner, M., Makaruk, A., & Harasek, M. (2017). Review on available biogas upgrading technologies and innovations towards advanced solutions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 161, 1329–1337. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2017.06.045

Muñoz, R., Meier, L., Diaz, I., & Jeison, D. (2015). A review on the state-of-the-art of physical/chemical and biological technologies for biogas upgrading. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 14(4), 727–759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-015-9379-1

Noorain, R., Kindaichi, T., Ozaki, N., Aoi, Y., & Ohashi, A. (2019). Integrated biological–physical process for biogas purification effluent treatment. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 83, 110–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JES.2019.02.028

Pinto, R. L. da S., Vieira, A. C., Scarpetta, A., Marques, F. S., Jorge, R. M. M., Bail, A., Jorge, L. M. M., Corazza, M. L., & Ramos, L. P. (2022). An overview on the production of synthetic fuels from biogas. Bioresource Technology Reports, 18, 101104. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BITEB.2022.101104

Posadas, E., Marín, D., Blanco, S., Lebrero, R., & Muñoz, R. (2017). Simultaneous biogas upgrading and centrate treatment in an outdoors pilot scale high rate algal pond. Bioresource Technology, 232, 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.01.071

Posadas, E, Szpak, D., Lombó, F., Domínguez, A., Díaz, I., Blanco, S., García-Encina, P. A., & Muñoz, R. (2015). Feasibility study of biogas upgrading coupled with nutrient removal from anaerobic effluents using microalgae-based processes. Journal of Applied Phycology 2015 28:4, 28(4), 2147–2157. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10811-015-0758-3

Prandini, J. M., da Silva, M. L. B., Mezzari, M. P., Pirolli, M., Michelon, W., & Soares, H. M. (2016). Enhancement of nutrient removal from swine wastewater digestate coupled to biogas purification by microalgae Scenedesmus spp. Bioresource Technology, 202, 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.082

Rehman, M., Kesharvani, S., Dwivedi, G., & Gidwani Suneja, K. (2022). Impact of cultivation conditions on microalgae biomass productivity and lipid content. Materials Today: Proceedings, 56, 282–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2022.01.152

Rodero, M. del R., Lebrero, R., Serrano, E., Lara, E., Arbib, Z., García-Encina, P. A., & Muñoz, R. (2019). Technology validation of photosynthetic biogas upgrading in a semi-industrial scale algal-bacterial photobioreactor. Bioresource Technology, 279, 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2019.01.110

Rodero, M. del R., Posadas, E., Toledo-Cervantes, A., Lebrero, R., & Muñoz, R. (2018). Influence of alkalinity and temperature on photosynthetic biogas upgrading efficiency in high rate algal ponds. Algal Research, 33, 284–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ALGAL.2018.06.001

Roy, U. K., Radu, T., & Wagner, J. L. (2021). Carbon-negative biomethane fuel production: Integrating anaerobic digestion with algae-assisted biogas purification and hydrothermal carbonisation of digestate. Biomass and Bioenergy, 148, 106029. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOMBIOE.2021.106029

Ryckebosch, E., Drouillon, M., & Vervaeren, H. (2011). Techniques for transformation of biogas to biomethane. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(5), 1633–1645. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOMBIOE.2011.02.033

Saratale, R. G., Kumar, G., Banu, R., Xia, A., Periyasamy, S., & Dattatraya Saratale, G. (2018). A critical review on anaerobic digestion of microalgae and macroalgae and co-digestion of biomass for enhanced methane generation. Bioresource Technology, 262, 319–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.030

Tabatabaei, M., Aghbashlo, M., Valijanian, E., Kazemi Shariat Panahi, H., Nizami, A. S., Ghanavati, H., Sulaiman, A., Mirmohamadsadeghi, S., & Karimi, K. (2020). A comprehensive review on recent biological innovations to improve biogas production, Part 1: Upstream strategies. Renewable Energy, 146, 1204–1220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.037

Thiruselvi, D., Kumar, P. S., Kumar, M. A., Lay, C. H., Aathika, S., Mani, Y., Jagadiswary, D., Dhanasekaran, A., Shanmugam, P., Sivanesan, S., & Show, P. L. (2021). A critical review on global trends in biogas scenario with its up-gradation techniques for fuel cell and future perspectives. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(31), 16734–16750. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2020.10.023

Toledo-Cervantes, A., Madrid-Chirinos, C., Cantera, S., Lebrero, R., & Muñoz, R. (2017). Influence of the gas-liquid flow configuration in the absorption column on photosynthetic biogas upgrading in algal-bacterial photobioreactors. Bioresource Technology, 225, 336–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2016.11.087

Uggetti, E., Sialve, B., Latrille, E., & Steyer, J. P. (2014). Anaerobic digestate as substrate for microalgae culture: The role of ammonium concentration on the microalgae productivity. Bioresource Technology, 152, 437–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2013.11.036

Xu, M., Xue, Z., Liu, J., Sun, S., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, H. (2022). Observation of few GR24 induced fungal-microalgal pellets performance for higher pollutants removal and biogas quality improvement. Energy, 244, 123171. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENERGY.2022.123171

Xu, M., Xue, Z., Sun, S., Zhao, C., Liu, J., Liu, J., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Co-culturing microalgae with endophytic bacteria increases nutrient removal efficiency for biogas purification. Bioresource Technology, 314, 123766. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2020.123766

Zhang, Y., Kawasaki, Y., Oshita, K., Takaoka, M., Minami, D., Inoue, G., & Tanaka, T. (2021). Economic assessment of biogas purification systems for removal of both H2S and siloxane from biogas. Renewable Energy, 168, 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2020.12.058

Zhou, W., Wang, J., Chen, P., Ji, C., Kang, Q., Lu, B., Li, K., Liu, J., & Ruan, R. (2017). Bio-mitigation of carbon dioxide using microalgal systems: Advances and perspectives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 1163–1175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.065

Publicado

05/10/2022

Cómo citar

CASTRO, A. A.; HORN, B. C. .; BECKER, C. M. .; OLIVEIRA, G.; KONRAD, O. Purificación biológica de biogás por proceso fotosintético utilizando microalgas . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 13, p. e228111335327, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i13.35327. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/35327. Acesso em: 28 sep. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ingenierías